ArticleNature communications2019
Apparent latent structure within the UK Biobank sample has implications for epidemiological analysis.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-wide association study of dermatophytosis in the UK Biobank cohort.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2022Pooled it
- Using multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effect of bone mineral density on osteoarthritis risk, independently of body mass index.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Interpretation of risk loci from genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer's disease.The Lancet. Neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Can increasing years of schooling reduce type 2 diabetes (T2D)?: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization of T2D and 10 of its risk factors.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Decomposing population differences in type 2 diabetes through a high-resolution GWAS of ~600,000 individuals with East Asian ancestry.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Evaluating confounding in rare variant genome wide association studies.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genome wide association analysis and association of genetic risk and lifestyle with upper gastrointestinal cancer among an endoscopy-screened cohort in China.Science bulletin · 2026Article
- Quantifying direct genetic signal captured by principal component adjustment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Downward bias in the association between APOE and Alzheimer's disease using prevalent and by-proxy disease sampling in the All of Us research program.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Fine-scale structure of a whole regional population through genetics and genealogies.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identifying potential therapeutic targets in periodontitis: a multi-omics approach integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing with Mendelian randomization.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Genetic effects on migration behavior contribute to increasing spatial differentiation at trait-associated loci in Estonia.iScience · 2025Article
- Polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease in healthy aging: age-related and APOE-driven effects on brain structures and cognition.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Genotypic and socioeconomic risks for depressive symptoms in two U.S. cohorts spanning early to older adulthood.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Quantile-specific confounding: correction for subtle population stratification via quantile regression.Genetics · 2025Article
- From individuals to ancestries: Towards attributing trait variation to haplotypes.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Ubiquitin-related Protein IFNGR1 as Causal Factor and Drug Target for Keloids: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Polygenic Scores of Executive Function Provide Limited Support for Genetic Confounding With Socio-Economic Measures.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- The causal association between insomnia and cognitive decline: A 2-sample, 2-step multivariable Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of alcohol consumption on employment and social outcomes: a Mendelian randomisation study.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2025Observational
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Large studies use genotype data to discover genetic contributions to complex traits and infer relationships between those traits. Co-incident geographical variation in genotypes and health traits can bias these analyses. Here we show that single genetic variants and genetic scores composed of multiple variants are associated with birth location within UK Biobank and that geographic structure in genotype data cannot be accounted for using routine adjustment for study centre and principal components derived from genotype data. We find that major health outcomes appear geographically structured and that coincident structure in health outcomes and genotype data can yield biased associations. Understanding and accounting for this phenomenon will be important when making inference from genotype data in large studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.