ArticleSpinal cord series and cases2019
Effects of water immersion on quasi-static standing exploring center of pressure sway and trunk acceleration: a case series after incomplete spinal cord injury.
Article in Spinal cord series and cases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wearable technologies for monitoring aquatic exercises: A systematic review.Clinical rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Feasibility and impact of a Water Specific Therapy program in individuals with subacute incomplete spinal cord injury: A non-randomized controlled trial.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Article
- Systemic Inflammatory Changes in Spinal Cord Injured Patients after Adding Aquatic Therapy to Standard Physiotherapy Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Clinical Static Balance Assessment: A Narrative Review of Traditional and IMU-Based Posturography in Older Adults and Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Aquatic Therapy after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Gait Initiation Analysis Using Inertial Sensors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effects of water immersion on gait initiation: part II of a case series after incomplete spinal cord injury.Spinal cord series and cases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Study design: This work is a case series. Objectives: We assessed the influence of the aquatic environment on quasi-static posture by measuring center of pressure (COP) sway and trunk acceleration parameters after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) in water and on land. Setting: Tertiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Ontario, Canada. Methods: Six adult participants with iSCI (4 cervical/2 thoracic injuries, AIS D) were enrolled. Baseline balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale and Mini-Balance Evaluation System Test. Participants stood on a waterproof force plate for one minute per trial on land and in water; participants completed testing with their eyes open or closed in random order over 10 trials. Individuals' perceptions of their standing balance were obtained. COP and trunk acceleration parameters were analyzed in the time-domain. Results: COP sway and upper to lower trunk acceleration ratios in the AP direction increased in water, which was in contrast to standing on land in both visual conditions for 5/6 participants. Three participants (P1, P3 & P4) with greater sensorimotor deficits had larger COP sway in water with the eyes closed. Two (P1 & P4) of six participants reported more discomfort standing in water than standing on land. Conclusions: Increased COP sway seemed to reflect the balance and sensorimotor impairments of the participants, especially when standing with eyes closed in water. Although most participants (4/6) perceived that they swayed more in water in contrast to on land, 5 out of 6 participants reported that water felt like a safer environment in which to stand.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.