Trial reportDiabetologia2019
Effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 infusion on energy intake, appetite and energy expenditure in overweight/obese individuals: a randomised, crossover study.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT02598791. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
GIP/GLP-1 Co-Activity in Subjects With Obesity: Lowering of Food Intake
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Acute GIP and GLP-1 Administration Exerts Differential Metabolic Effects in Totally Pancreatectomised Individuals.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Intravenous Oxytocin Has no Effect on Ad Libitum Food Intake or Postprandial Plasma Glucose Concentrations in Individuals With Obesity: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Long-acting GIPR agonist LY3537021 reduces body weight and fasting blood glucose in patients with T2D: Preclinical development and phase 1 randomized ascending dose studies.Molecular metabolism · 2026Trial
- Effect of gastric distension with concurrent small intestinal saline or glucose infusion on incretin hormone secretion in healthy individuals: A randomized, controlled, crossover study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate different dose-escalation regimens.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2020Trial
- Clinical Potential of GIP in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (Mono and Combination Therapy) on Energy Expenditure: A Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Article
- Chronic, but not acute, treatment with GLP-2 and GIP in combination increases glucose absorption in the isolated vascularly perfused rat intestine.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- GLP-1 and GIP: Magic bullet for musculoskeletal diseases?Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Tirzepatide, a Dual GIP/GLP-1 Agonist, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2026Review
- Revitalizing GIP: Therapeutic Potential in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- The Roles of Incretin Hormones GIP and GLP-1 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- GLP-2 and GIP acutely increase superior mesenteric artery blood flow in male rats, and the effect is independent of nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Macronutrient, Micronutrient Supplementation and Monitoring for Patients on GLP-1 Agonists: Can We Learn from Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Adipose Tissue, at the Core of the Action of Incretin and Glucagon-Based Anti-Obesity Drugs.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Islet hormones at the intersection of glucose and amino acid metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Tirzepatide: a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- New drug therapies for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- The Premise of the Paradox: Examining the Evidence That Motivated GIPR Agonist and Antagonist Drug Development Programs.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisGlucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) reduces appetite and energy intake in humans, whereas the other incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), seems to have no effect on eating behaviour. Interestingly, studies in rodents have shown that concomitant activation of GIP and GLP-1 receptors may potentiate the satiety-promoting effect of GLP-1, and a novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist was recently shown to trigger greater weight losses compared with a GLP-1 receptor agonist in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to delineate the effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 receptor activation on energy intake, appetite and resting energy expenditure in humans.
methodsWe examined 17 overweight/obese men in a crossover design with 5 study days. On day 1, a 50 g OGTT was performed; on the following 4 study days, the men received an isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion (IIGI) plus saline (154 mmol/l NaCl; placebo), GIP (4 pmol kg
resultsEnergy intake was significantly reduced during IIGI+GLP-1 compared with IIGI+saline infusion (2715 ± 409 vs 4483 ± 568 kJ [mean ± SEM, n = 17], p = 0.014), whereas there were no significant differences in energy intake during IIGI+GIP (4062 ± 520 kJ) or IIGI+GIP+GLP-1 (3875 ± 451 kJ) infusion compared with IIGI+saline (p = 0.590 and p = 0.364, respectively). Energy intake was higher during IIGI+GIP+GLP-1 compared with IIGI+GLP-1 infusion (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationWhile GLP-1 infusion lowered energy intake in overweight/obese men, simultaneous GIP infusion did not potentiate this GLP-1-mediated effect.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02598791
fundingThis study was supported by grants from the Innovation Fund Denmark and the Vissing Foundation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.