SynthesisParasites & vectors2019
Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi.
Synthesis in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Pooled it
- Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective.Parasites & vectors · 2025Pooled it
- Climate-Sensitive Redistribution of Veterinary Parasites: An Attribution Framework for One Health Surveillance and Control.Biology · 2026Review
- Molecular Survey ofVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular Characterization and Prevalence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Practices, management, and typology of dromedary livestock systems and health constraints in southwestern Tunisia: The case of the Gafsa region.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Potential vectors of Trypanosoma evansi in the Canary Islands (Spain): diversity, abundance, and climatic and site-related factors.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Vector-borne diseases-knowledge maps.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Species distribution modeling to predict tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) habitat suitability in Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Hidden diversity and host specificity of bat trypanosomes in East and Central Africa.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Uncovering the Unusual Inhibition Mechanism of a Trypanosome Alternative Oxidase Inhibitor Displaying Broad-Spectrum Activity against African Animal Trypanosomes.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Vector-Borne Agents in Species of Silky Anteater (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Stomoxys flies (Diptera, Muscidae) are competent vectors of Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma vivax, and other livestock hemopathogens.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- First Record ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence ofVeterinary world · 2025Article
- Molecular Characterization, Oxidative Stress-Mediated Genotoxicity, and Hemato-Biochemical Changes in Domestic Water Buffaloes Naturally Infected withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Serological surveillance ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A CRISPR-Cas-based recombinase polymerase amplification assay for ultra-sensitive detection of activeFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSurra is an animal trypanosomosis, caused by infection with Trypanosoma evansi and leading to severe economic loss due to mortality and morbidity. Compared to tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomoses, little attention is given to the epidemiology and control of surra. Understanding its epidemiology is a first step in local and global efforts to control the disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies on distribution, host ranges and prevalence of T. evansi infection.
methodsFour electronic databases were searched for publications on T. evansi that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Subsets of publications were subjected to meta-analysis for the pooled prevalence of T. evansi in various hosts as determined by multiple detection methods.
resultsA total of 272 references published between 1906-2017 were included. Trypanosoma evansi was reported from 48 countries; largely confined to Africa and Asia with publications on natural T. evansi infections from 77% (n = 48) of countries, contrasting with seven countries in South America, and four in Europe where T. evansi is not endemic but was imported with infected animals. Although surra is a notifiable disease, many countries do not report surra cases to OIE. Trypanosoma evansi was mainly reported from dromedary camels in Africa and the Middle East, water buffaloes, cattle, dogs and horses in East and Southeast Asia. In South America, the acute form of the disease was reported in horses and dogs. Surra was also reported in a wide range of wild animals. Some rare human cases occurred in India and Vietnam. Meta-analysis on a subset of 165 publications indicated pooled prevalence of T. evansi in domestic animals ranging from 14-31%, 6-28% and 2-9% using respectively antibody detection, molecular and parasitological tests, with camels as the most affected, followed by buffalo and cattle.
conclusionsThis study illustrates that T. evansi affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals in Africa, Asia and South America with highest prevalence observed in dromedary camels. For successful control of T. evansi, both locally and globally, the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of surra needs further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.