ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2019
Angiosarcoma and anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid are two distinct entities: a morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic study.
Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glomangiosarcoma-like Anaplastic Transformation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Novel Form of Heterologous Differentiation and a Systematic Review of Heterologous Element Prevalence.Endocrine pathology · 2023Pooled it
- Evolving Pathology of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Integrating Morphology, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Insights.Cancer science · 2026Review
- Deceptive Thyroid Pathologies: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Mimics and Clinical Implications.Head & neck · 2026Article
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 144 cases with special emphasis on the spectrum of histologic features.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Decisive role of surgery on improving overall survival outcomes of primary thyroid sarcoma: the first long-term cohort study.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Thyroid angiosarcoma: a rare malignancy - case report and systematic review of the literature.Thyroid research · 2025Review
- Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Genetic roles, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- A Case Report of Surgical and Postoperative Treatment for Thyroid Angiosarcoma with Pulmonary Metastasis.Surgical case reports · 2025Article
- TTF-1 is a highly sensitive but not fully specific marker for pulmonary and thyroidal cancer: a tissue microarray study evaluating more than 17,000 tumors from 152 different tumor entities.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2024Article
- On Vascular Lesions of the Thyroid Gland with Emphasis on Intrathyroidal Hemangioma: Clinicopathologic Characterization of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.Head and neck pathology · 2024Review
- Characterizing Genetic Alterations Related to Radioiodine Avidity in Metastatic Thyroid Cancer.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Integration of scRNA and bulk RNA-sequence to construct the 5-gene molecular prognostic model based on the heterogeneity of thyroid carcinoma endothelial cell.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- Comparative study between poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer: real-world pathological distribution, death attribution, and prognostic factor estimation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Updates on Lymphovascular Invasion in Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Primary Mesenchymal Tumors of the Thyroid Gland: A Modern Retrospective Cohort Including the First Case of TFE3-Translocated Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa).Head and neck pathology · 2022Article
- Diagnostic performance of next-generation sequencing and genetic profiling in thyroid nodules from a single center in China.European thyroid journal · 2022Article
- Coexisting well-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in the same primary resection specimen: immunophenotypic and genetic comparison of the two components in a consecutive series of 13 cases and a review of the literature.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Review
- Angiosarcomas: histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular insights with implications for differential diagnosis.Histology and histopathology · 2021Review
- IGF2BP1 is the first positive marker for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma diagnosis.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2021Article
- Updates in the Pathologic Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms: A Review of the World Health Organization Classification.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angiosarcoma and anaplastic carcinoma are the most lethal neoplasms of the thyroid worldwide and share some similarities, which have led to a longstanding controversy on their etiopathological relationship. Thyroid angiosarcomas are characterized by vessel formation and an immunophenotype common to endothelial cells, while anaplastic carcinomas are partially or wholly composed of mesenchymal-like cells that have lost the morphologic and functional features of normal thyroid follicular cells. To investigate whether angiosarcomas represent the endothelial extreme of the differentiation spectrum of carcinomas or they are bona fide vascular neoplasms, we studied the clinico-morphologic and genetic characteristics of a series of 10 angiosarcomas and 22 anaplastic carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, among the endothelial markers, CD31 and ERG were the most consistently expressed in angiosarcomas. Among the markers of thyroid origin, PAX8 was the most reliable in anaplastic carcinomas, while TTF-1 reactivity was found in only 5% of anaplastic carcinomas and thyroglobulin was always negative. Pankeratin reacted with most angiosarcomas and anaplastic carcinomas and is therefore not useful in the differential diagnosis. Interestingly a mutated pattern of p53 immunostaining prompted a diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma. To compare the genetic profile, we used the NGS approach to sequence hotspot regions within a panel of 57 genes. As a result, only a few mutations were found in angiosarcomas and all of them were single events (no TP53 or TERT mutation). On the other hand, anaplastic carcinomas were characterized by a higher number of mutations, and TP53 and TERT promoter mutations were the most frequent genetic alterations. The lack in angiosarcomas of the common mutations identified in anaplastic carcinomas supports a different genetic origin and strongly suggests that, in spite of a shared sarcomatous morphology and a similar clinical aggressiveness, angiosarcomas and anaplastic carcinomas rely on a completely different set of genetic alterations during their evolution.
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