ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2019
Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,589 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the Effects of Different Obesity Levels on the Respiratory System: In Our Study, Besides the Effect of Obesity on the Respiratory System, Many Different Parameters Related to Health Will be Compared.
The Role of Circadian Rhythm in the Effect of Sleep Intervention on Obesity Prevention in Early Childhood
Effects of Very Low-calorie Diet Versus Bariatric Surgery on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota Pattern in Obese Patients
Effect of Spirulina Platensis Supplementation and Calorie Restriction on Anthropometric, Body Composition, Lipid Profiles, Insulin Resistance, Stress Oxidative Biomarkers In Obese Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol Study
The Effect of MBS on Outcomes and Reduction of the 10-year and Lifetime Risks of MACE: Analysis of 224 Patients Undergoing OAGB and DJB-SG During a 7-year Period.
Validity and Reliability of the 6-minute Pegboard Ring Test in Obese Individuals
Effectiveness of the group-based nutrition education programme for obesity management in berguedà: a randomised clinical trial. energy2mob study
A Novel Endoscopic Gastric Purse-string Suture Device for Weight Management in an in Vivo Human Model
Who cites it
2,589 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative Efficacy of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Head-to-Head Studies.Clinical obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Wernicke's Encephalopathy Following Semaglutide Treatment for Obesity: A Systematic PRISMA Review of Case-Based Evidence.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Prioritizing Clinically Relevant Criteria for Longitudinal Obesity Management: A Systemic Framework to Support Decision-Making.Obesity surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of single-anastomosis gastric bypass variants versus sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Updates in surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Biochemical, Molecular and Behavioral Changes Induced by High-fat and High-sugar Diets: A Systematic Review of Non-clinical Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Acute appetite and gut-hormone responses to two combined training sessions: a randomized crossover study in men with obesity.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Impact of body mass index on blood pressure and cardiovascular adaptation to isometric exercise training.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- LEAP2 Reduces Ad Libitum Food Intake and Attenuates Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Men With Obesity.Diabetes · 2026Trial
- Greater early postprandial GLP-1 increase after Roux-en-Y than one-anastomosis gastric bypass, with unchanged secretin: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Trial
- Acute systemic and energy metabolism responses to velocity-based resistance training following an oral glucose load in individuals with excess body weight.Experimental physiology · 2026Trial
- Medical compression stockings reduce the symptoms of obesity-associated functional venous insufficiency.Phlebology · 2026Trial
- Early postnatal antibiotic-associated gut microbiota alterations might promote long-term lipid metabolism via brown adipose tissue metabolic programming.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The gut microbiome-bile acid-FXR interplay: a pivotal axis in metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of obesogenic adipocyte signaling in mouse 3T3-L1 cells in response to plasma from C57BL/6 mice exposed to traffic-generated emissions and high-fat diet.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Interactions between nutrition and the epigenome: how can it be harnessed for public health?Future science OA · 2026Article
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- Article
- Real-World Effectiveness and Treatment Patterns of Tirzepatide in a Large UK Digital Health Cohort.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Behavioral Factors Associated With ≥ 15% Versus < 5% Weight Loss in Adults With Severe Obesity: A Retrospective Clinical Study.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Adult mice are more susceptible to high-fat diet-induced visceral adiposity and insulin resistance than juvenile mice.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
2,529 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in the past ~50 years, reaching pandemic levels. Obesity represents a major health challenge because it substantially increases the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnoea and several cancers, thereby contributing to a decline in both quality of life and life expectancy. Obesity is also associated with unemployment, social disadvantages and reduced socio-economic productivity, thus increasingly creating an economic burden. Thus far, obesity prevention and treatment strategies - both at the individual and population level - have not been successful in the long term. Lifestyle and behavioural interventions aimed at reducing calorie intake and increasing energy expenditure have limited effectiveness because complex and persistent hormonal, metabolic and neurochemical adaptations defend against weight loss and promote weight regain. Reducing the obesity burden requires approaches that combine individual interventions with changes in the environment and society. Therefore, a better understanding of the remarkable regional differences in obesity prevalence and trends might help to identify societal causes of obesity and provide guidance on which are the most promising intervention strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
30814686What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.