ArticleJournal of epidemiology2020
The Association Between Education and Smoking Prevalence, Independent of Occupation: A Nationally Representative Survey in Japan.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global prevalence of E-cigarette use among students: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Tobacco control policies on cancer prevention in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2025-2050: A modeling study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- An analysis of associations of having children with smoking prevalence and intensity using nationally representative survey data in Japan.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic determinants of smoking among Jordanian men : insights from the 2023 demographic and health survey.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Anxiety disorder status among black adults who smoke: relations to cessation processes and smoking characteristics.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Educational attainment and employment status in lung cancer patients: a nationwide study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Association between household food security and socioeconomic status with paternal smoking: Findings from SEANUTS II Malaysia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Observational
- Article
- Factors influencing tobacco smoking among men aged 15-49 years in Nepal.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- User Experiences With Digital Future-Self Interventions in the Contexts of Smoking and Physical Inactivity: Mixed Methods Multistudy Exploration.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic discrimination and racial trauma: Concurrent evaluation among Black adults who smoke in the United States.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- Differential Associations Between Individual Time Poverty and Smoking Behavior by Gender, Marital Status, and Childrearing Status Among Japanese Metropolitan Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Association of premarital pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes and its characteristics in Japan.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- A One-Year Retrospective Observational Study of an Occupational Medicine Outpatient Clinic in a City Hospital.Annals of global health · 2025Observational
- Smoking among Malaysian adults aged ≥15 years: A secondary dataset analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-Malaysia 2023 (GATS-M 2023).Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Intention to Quit Smoking Plan Among Korean Adults, 2016-2021.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to secondhand smoke, 1990-2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association Between Educational Attainment and Chronic Pain: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Prevalence, demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors associated with cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use: evidence from the 2017-2021 Scottish Health Survey.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigher smoking prevalence in less educated persons and manual workers is well known. This study examines the independent relationship of education and occupation with tobacco use.
methodsWe used anonymized data from a nationwide population survey (30,617 men and 33,934 women). Education was divided into junior high school, high school, or university attainment. Occupation was grouped into upper non-manual, lower non-manual, and manual. Poisson regression models stratified by age and gender were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for current smoking.
resultsAfter adjustment for covariates, education, and occupation, education was significantly related to current smoking in both genders; compared to university graduates, PRs of junior high school graduates aged 20-39, 40-64, and ≥65 were 1.74 (95% CI, 1.53-1.98), 1.50 (95% CI, 1.36-1.65), and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.08-1.50) among men, and 3.54 (95% CI, 2.92-4.30), 2.72 (95% CI, 2.29-3.23), and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.14-2.66) among women, respectively. However, significantly higher smoking prevalence in manual than in upper non-manual was found only in men aged 20-64; compared to upper non-manual, the PRs of manual workers aged 20-39, 40-64, and ≥65 were 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.22), 1.18 (95% CI, 1.10-1.27), and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.89-1.37) among men, and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.75-1.20), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.75-1.12), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.22-0.95) among women, respectively.
conclusionsIndependent of occupation, educational disparities in smoking existed, regardless of age and gender. Occupation-smoking relationship varied with age and gender. Our study suggests that we should pay attention to social inequality in smoking as well as national smoking prevalence.
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