Evidence mapPaperPMID 30843294Full record

ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2019

Sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors: Do we need them for glucose-lowering, for cardiorenal protection or both?

Rosalie A Scholtes, Michaël J B van Baar, Yuliya Lytvyn, Petter Bjornstad, Max Nieuwdorp, David Z I Cherney, Daniël H van Raalte

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Genetic polymorphisms inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and in Patients Starting Empagliflozin Treatment: Nationwide Survey.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Rosalie A ScholtesDiabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2794-2263
Michaël J B van BaarDiabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1516-2929
Yuliya LytvynDepartment of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1805-9994
Petter BjornstadDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.ORCID 0000-0002-5160-2947
Max NieuwdorpDiabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
David Z I CherneyDepartment of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Daniël H van RaalteDiabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2894-6124
Amsterdam University Medical Centers · NLUniversity Health Network · CAUniversity of Colorado Denver · US

Funding

Banting & Best Diabetes Centre at the University of TorontoCanadian Diabetes AssociationCenter for Women's Health ResearchCIHRColorado Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteDiabetes CanadaDutch Diabetes FoundationEU Marie Curie programFondation Leducq 17CVD01International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD)Juvenile Diabetes Research FoundationJuvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) United States of AmericaNIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK116720NIH HHS K23 DK116720-01NNF GUTMMM grantThrasher Research FundUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of ColoradoUniversity of TorontoZONMW-VIDI grant 2013 [016.146.327]
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors are the newest addition to our treatment armamentarium for the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Glucose-lowering per se reduces the risk of microvascular complications, but not the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Also, even when embedded in optimal cardiovascular prevention, a large residual risk remains with respect to progression of diabetic kidney disease. SGLT-2 inhibitors lower blood glucose levels by inducing glucosuria. Through various proposed mechanisms, among which diuretic and natriuretic effects, SGLT-2 inhibitors decrease heart failure hospitalization, reduce cardiovascular mortality, and mitigate progression of diabetic kidney disease. In this perspective, we will discuss the glucose-lowering and other protective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on the cardiorenal axis, both in primary and secondary prevention. By comparing the glycemic and pleiotropic effects of these agents to other glucose-lowering drugs, we will address questions around whether SGLT-2 inhibitors should be considered primarily as glucose-lowering agents, cardiorenal drugs or both.

Indexed as

AgedBlood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular SystemClinical Trials as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsKidneyMaleMiddle AgedSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsdiabetic kidney diseaseglycemic controlheart failurenumber-needed-to-treatprimary preventionsecondary preventionSGLT-2 inhibition

Identifiers

PMID30843294
PMCPMC7045873
OpenAlexW2921595130

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.