ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
New Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Topical Administration of GLP-1 in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and neurogenesis: a systematic review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Pooled it
- Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy (DR) - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroprotection in Early Diabetic Retinal Disease Using Eyedrop Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Eyedrop Administration of DPP-4 Inhibitors: A New Strategy for Treating Early Stages of Diabetic Retinal Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Ocular Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroprotection in Diabetes Retinal Disease: An Unmet Medical Need.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Protective anti-fibrotic effect of liraglutide and Pirfenidone combination therapy on liver fibrosis in rats: effects on autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Stimulation Inhibits Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization by Suppressing Intraocular Inflammation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Unlocking the potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in ocular therapeutics: from molecular pathways to clinical impact.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Topical ocular administration of DPP-IV inhibitors: a new approach for treating diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2024Article
- Manifestation of Pathology in Animal Models of Diabetic Retinopathy Is Delayed from the Onset of Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mechanistic insights into the alterations and regulation of the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Exendin-4 promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and function by inhibiting calcium channels in experimental diabetes.iScience · 2023Article
- Inflammation: The Link between Neural and Vascular Impairment in the Diabetic Retina and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes and COVID-19 role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19 and diabetes NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes and COVID-19 intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Intravitreal slow-release dexamethasone alleviates traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy by inhibiting persistent inflammation and Müller cell gliosis in rabbits.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Role of Takeda G protein‑coupled receptor 5 in microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Will GLP-1 Analogues and SGLT-2 Inhibitors Become New Game Changers for Diabetic Retinopathy?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Antioxidant Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Early Stages of Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Minimum Effective Dose of DPP-4 Inhibitors for Treating Early Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in an Experimental Model.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The main goals of this work were to assess whether the topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) could revert the impairment of the neurovascular unit induced by long-term diabetes (24 weeks) in diabetic mice and to look into the underlying mechanisms. For that reason, db/db mice were treated with eye drops of GLP-1 or vehicle for 3 weeks. Moreover, db/+ mice were used as control. Studies performed in vivo included electroretinogramand the assessment of vascular leakage by using Evans Blue. NF-κB, GFAP and Ki67 proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF). Additionally, caspase 9, AMPK, IKBα, NF-κB, AKT, GSK3, β-catenin, Bcl-xl, and VEGF were analyzed by WB. Finally, VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-18, and NLRP3 were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence. We found that topical administration of GLP-1 reverted reactive gliosis and albumin extravasation, and protected against apoptosis and retinal dysfunction. Regarding the involved mechanisms, GLP-1 exerted an anti-inflammatory action by decreasing NF-κB, inflammosome, and pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, it also decreased VEGF expression. Furthermore, GLP-1 promoted cell survival by increasing the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xl and the signaling pathway Akt/GSK3b/β-catenin. Finally, Ki67 results revealed that GLP-1 treatment could induce neurogenesis. In conclusion, the topical administration of GLP-1 reverts the impairment of the neurovascular unit by modulating essential pathways involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). These beneficial effects on the neurovascular unit could pave the way for clinical trials addressed to confirm the effectiveness of GLP-1 in early stages of DR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.