ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Does the Bilingual Advantage in Cognitive Control Exist and If So, What Are Its Modulating Factors? A Systematic Review.
Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Multifactorial approaches to study bilingualism in the aging population: Past, present, future.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis Reveals a Bilingual Advantage That Is Dependent on Task and Age.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Does Language Distance Modulate the Contribution of Bilingualism to Cognitive Reserve in Seniors? A Systematic Review.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementiasPooled it
- How well do doctors understand a scientific article in English when it is not their first language? A randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- Brain dynamics of crosslinguistic interference resolution in Spanish-English bilinguals with and without aphasia.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Brain-structural differences underlying dialect competence in the bilingual network.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Limited protective effects of multilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Modulations of the P3b effect as a function of bilingual language experience.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessing Culturally Relevant Variables in Predicting Science Outcomes in Asian American Kindergartners.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond the bilingualism myth: toward culturally sustaining autism interventions for multilingual families.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bilingual effects on cognitive control: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 50 years of research.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Neural evidence for a bilingual advantage in conflict monitoring among Dai bilinguals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Language switching ability and executive function development in English learners: a longitudinal investigation of bilingual cognitive control.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Use of Multiple Languages Provides Cognitive Reserve Amidst Age-Related White Matter Changes.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Influence of Language Dominance on Crosslinguistic and Nonlinguistic Interference Resolution in Bilinguals.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Bilingualism modifies cognition through adaptation, not transfer.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2024Review
- Negative Pragmatic Transfer in Bilinguals: Cross-Linguistic Influence in the Acquisition of Quantifiers.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2024Article
- Assessing the Impact of Bilingualism on the Linguistic Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Greece: A Scoping Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Daily and Ethnic Discriminatory Experiences and Cognitive Control in Mexican-Origin Bilingual Language Brokers.International journal of bilingual education and bilingualism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, doubts were raised about the existence of the bilingual advantage in cognitive control. The aim of the present review was to investigate the bilingual advantage and its modulating factors. We searched the Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ERIC databases for all original data and reviewed studies on bilingualism and cognitive control, with a cut-off date of 31 October 2018, thereby following the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The results of the 46 original studies show that indeed, the majority, 54.3%, reported beneficial effects of bilingualism on cognitive control tasks; however, 28.3% found mixed results and 17.4% found evidence against its existence. Methodological differences seem to explain these mixed results: Particularly, the varying selection of the bilingual participants, the use of nonstandardized tests, and the fact that individual differences were often neglected and that longitudinal designs were rare. Therefore, a serious risk for bias exists in both directions (i.e., in favor of and against the bilingual advantage). To conclude, we found some evidence for a bilingual advantage in cognitive control; however, if significant progress is to be made, better study designs, bigger data, and more longitudinal studies are needed.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.