SynthesisDisease markers2019
Metformin Use and Lung Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Disease markers, 2019. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it favours the comparator in 1. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Compared to nonmetformin users, metformin probably decreased lung cancer incidence in diabetic patients (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96; CONCLUSION: Metformin use was related to a lower lung cancer risk in diabetic patients compared to nonusers, but this result was retrieved from observational studies and our findings need more well-designed RCTs to confirm the association.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Metformin×adverse events & safety
ContradictsOpen on the map →What to test next →22 readable studies in this cell: 9 favour the treatment, 8 find no difference, 5 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association Between Metformin Use and Risk of Lung Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
- Efficacy of metformin as an adjuvant therapy in gynecologic malignancies: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinicopathological Significance of Neuropilin 1 Expression in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Disease markers · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Metformin Versus Placebo on New Primary Cancers in Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.32: A Secondary Analysis of a Phase III Randomized Double-Blind Trial in Early Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Investigating the causal link between metformin and lung cancer risk: a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- The therapeutic value of antidiabetic drugs in lung cancer treatment: from clinical evidence to possible mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting the molecular crosstalk between diabetes and lung cancer for therapeutic intervention.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Analysis of factors influencing lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Non-Cancer-Related Causes' Impact on Lung Cancer Survival: SEER Analysis.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Ghrelin-induced neuronal NPY promotes brain metastasis in lung cancer patients with low BMI.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Effect of treatment duration on the associations between three modern antidiabetic drugs and survival outcomes of lung cancer in China.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Metformin in Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study in Lithuania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Metformin Suppresses Stemness of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Induced by Paclitaxel through FOXO3a.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors on new-onset overall cancer in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based study.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- The Relationship between Metformin Consumption and Cancer Risk: An Updated Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Review
- Anti-cancer effects of metformin in a 3D co-culture model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- Efficacy of metformin adjunctive therapy as the treatment for non-diabetic patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundAntidiabetic medications (ADMs) can alter the risk of different types of cancer, but the relationship between lung cancer incidence and metformin remains controversial. Our aim was to quantitatively estimate the relationship between incidences of lung cancer and metformin in patients with diabetes in this meta-analysis.
methodsWe performed a search in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until September 20, 2017. The odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using the random-effect model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the study quality.
resultsA total of 13 studies (10 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to nonmetformin users, metformin probably decreased lung cancer incidence in diabetic patients (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96;
conclusionMetformin use was related to a lower lung cancer risk in diabetic patients compared to nonusers, but this result was retrieved from observational studies and our findings need more well-designed RCTs to confirm the association.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.