ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2019
Impact of Nutrient Type and Sequence on Glucose Tolerance: Physiological Insights and Therapeutic Implications.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutrient intake order on metabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of high-protein diets on the cardiometabolic factors and reproductive hormones of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of a meal sequence in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Early time-restricted carbohydrate consumption vs conventional dieting in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.Diabetologia · 2024Trial
- Effects of Spaghetti Differing in Soluble Fiber and Protein Content on Glycemic Responses in Humans: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Subjects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Heated Corn Oil and 2,4-Decadienal Suppress Gastric Emptying and Energy Intake in Humans.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Normal Versus Slowly Processed Pasta and Post-Prandial Glucose Homeostasis in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Oral glucose absorption is enhanced in early metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of dietary intake and eating patterns on reactive hypoglycemic events in patients postesophagectomy: A prospective observational study using continuous glucose monitoring.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Observational
- Diet and physical activity behaviors among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Are they different from healthy women?JBRA assisted reproduction · 2026Article
- Polyphenols in foods: a potential strategy for preventing and managing the postprandial hyperglycemic response.Food science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Nutrients and Cardiometabolic Health in Type 2 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Effect of aerobic exercise and low-carbohydrate high-fat diet on glucose tolerance and android/gynoid fat in overweight/obese women: A randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion after oral macronutrient ingestion: The human literature revisited and a systematic study in model experiments in mice.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Extended Inter-Meal Interval Negatively Impacted the Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses after Both Lunch and Dinner in Healthy Subjects.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pharmacological and dietary interventions targeting postprandial glycemia have proved effective in reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Besides meal composition and size, the timing of macronutrient consumption during a meal has been recently recognized as a key regulator of postprandial glycemia. Emerging evidence suggests that premeal consumption of non-carbohydrate macronutrients (i.e., protein and fat "preloads") can markedly reduce postprandial glycemia by delaying gastric emptying, enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin release, and decreasing insulin clearance. The same improvement in glucose tolerance is achievable by optimal timing of carbohydrate ingestion during a meal (i.e., carbohydrate-last meal patterns), which minimizes the risk of body weight gain when compared with nutrient preloads. The magnitude of the glucose-lowering effect of preload-based nutritional strategies is greater in type 2 diabetes than healthy subjects, being comparable and additive to current glucose-lowering drugs, and appears sustained over time. This dietary approach has also shown promising results in pathological conditions characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia in which available pharmacological options are limited or not cost-effective, such as type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance. Therefore, preload-based nutritional strategies, either alone or in combination with pharmacological treatments, may offer a simple, effective, safe, and inexpensive tool for the prevention and management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Here, we survey these novel physiological insights and their therapeutic implications for patients with diabetes mellitus and altered glucose tolerance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.