Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30911978›Full record

ReviewCancer metastasis reviews2019

Causes, consequences, and therapy of tumors acidosis.

Smitha R Pillai, Mehdi Damaghi, Yoshinori Marunaka, Enrico Pierluigi Spugnini, Stefano Fais, Robert J Gillies

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer metastasis reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
154citing papers in PubMed
12.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

154 citing papers in PubMed, 269 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Sonodynamic biomimetic-nanomedicine fight cancers.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Smitha R PillaiDepartment of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
Mehdi DamaghiDepartment of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
Yoshinori MarunakaResearch Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
Enrico Pierluigi SpugniniSAFU, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d' Oro 156, Rome, Italy.
Stefano FaisDepartment of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy. stefano.fais@iss.it.
Robert J GilliesDepartment of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA. Robert.gillies@moffitt.org.
Moffitt Cancer Center · USIstituto Superiore di Sanità · ITKyoto Prefectural University of Medicine · JP

Funding

"Research Supplement to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research", as part of Moffitt PS-OC, "Cancer as a Complex adaptive System"U54CA193489 · NCI · H. LEE MOFFITT CANCER CTR & RES INST · PI ANDERSON, ALEXANDER ROBERTSON ALLAN, GATENBY, ROBERT A · 2015 to 2020
$12.5M
Causes & Consequences of Acid pH in TumorsR01CA077575 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI GILLIES, ROBERT J. · 1999 to 2018
$8.5M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA077575NCI NIH HHS U54 CA193489
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While cancer is commonly described as "a disease of the genes," it is also associated with massive metabolic reprogramming that is now accepted as a disease "Hallmark." This programming is complex and often involves metabolic cooperativity between cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. Indeed, there is emerging clinical evidence that interrupting a cancer's metabolic program can improve patients' outcomes. The most commonly observed and well-studied metabolic adaptation in cancers is the fermentation of glucose to lactic acid, even in the presence of oxygen, also known as "aerobic glycolysis" or the "Warburg Effect." Much has been written about the mechanisms of the Warburg effect, and this remains a topic of great debate. However, herein, we will focus on an important sequela of this metabolic program: the acidification of the tumor microenvironment. Rather than being an epiphenomenon, it is now appreciated that this acidosis is a key player in cancer somatic evolution and progression to malignancy. Adaptation to acidosis induces and selects for malignant behaviors, such as increased invasion and metastasis, chemoresistance, and inhibition of immune surveillance. However, the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during adaptation to acidosis also introduces therapeutic vulnerabilities. Thus, tumor acidosis is a relevant therapeutic target, and we describe herein four approaches to accomplish this: (1) neutralizing acid directly with buffers, (2) targeting metabolic vulnerabilities revealed by acidosis, (3) developing acid-activatable drugs and nanomedicines, and (4) inhibiting metabolic processes responsible for generating acids in the first place.

Indexed as

AcidosisAnimalsBuffersHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationNeoplasm InvasivenessNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasmsBuffersAnti-acidic therapyCancerExosomesMicroenvironment acidity

Identifiers

PMID30911978
PMCPMC6625890
OpenAlexW2923596137

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.