Observational studyPediatric research2019
Ontogeny of cytokine responses to PHA from birth to adulthood.
Observational study in Pediatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kawasaki disease: a primer for the classification of multisystem inflammatory disorders.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Exposure from Health Care Workers to Infants: Effects and Outcomes.American journal of perinatology · 2023Article
- Intracellular inflammatory signalling cascades in human monocytic cells on challenge with phytohemagglutinin and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Article
- Ontogeny of plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations across the first week of human life.Cytokine · 2021Article
- Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2021Review
- LPS-Induced Inflammation Affects Midazolam Clearance in Juvenile Mice in an Age-Dependent Manner.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- COVID-19 in children and altered inflammatory responses.Pediatric research · 2020Article
- COVID-19 in Newborns and Infants-Low Risk of Severe Disease: Silver Lining or Dark Cloud?American journal of perinatology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAltered production of cytokines is believed to contribute to early childhood susceptibility to infection. The aim of this study was to get further insight into the developmental patterns of cytokine responses from birth to adulthood.
methodsThe expression levels of 13 cytokines were compared in the supernatants of phytohemaggluttinin (PHA)-stimulated whole blood from healthy neonates (cord blood, n = 8), infants ( < 1-year-old, n = 20), and school-aged children (3-15 y; n = 20). Five adults were used as reference.
resultsWhile Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine levels increased progressively from birth to childhood (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.003), high IL-10 secretion at birth dropped to low adult levels in infants (p < 0.004) such that a negative correlation between IL-10 and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine levels at birth (Spearman's correlation, r < -0.70, p < 0.01) converted to a positive correlation in infants (r > 0.60, p < 0.001). Finally, high IL-2, IL-7, and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating factor (G-CSF) cytokine levels at birth decreased steadily over the first year of life (Mann-Whitney, p ≤ 0.001).
conclusionThe most noticeable result of the study is the rapid shift from enhanced IL-10 secretion capacity at birth toward balanced IL-10/Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine levels early in life. This change appears an essential precondition to fight pathogens and at the same time to avoid overwhelming inflammatory reactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.