ReviewAdvances in therapy2019
Differentiating Basal Insulin Preparations: Understanding How They Work Explains Why They Are Different.
Review in Advances in therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical Outcomes With Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec Versus Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100 in Insulin-Naïve and Previously Insulin-Treated Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Comparative Association of Basal and Basal-Prandial Insulin Regimens on Remnant Cholesterol and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Biological and Biosimilar Medicines in Contemporary Pharmacotherapy for Metabolic Syndrome.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- How to improve the quality of euglycemic glucose clamp tests in long-acting insulin studies.Trials · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin lispro 25 versus the original preparation (HumalogFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights into clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and adherence challenges.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Assessment of circulating insulin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry during insulin glargine treatment in type 2 diabetes: Implications for estimating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023 · on this mapArticle
- Real-World Persistence, Adherence, Hypoglycemia, and Health Care Resource Utilization in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Continued With the Second-Generation Basal Insulin Analog Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL or Switched to a First-Generation Basal Insulin (Insulin Glargine 100 Units/mL or Detemir 100).Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023Article
- Insulin: evolution of insulin formulations and their application in clinical practice over 100 years.Acta diabetologica · 2022Review
- Practical Guidance on Basal Insulin Initiation and Titration in Asia: A Delphi-Based Consensus.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2022Article
- Real-world persistence, adherence, health care resource utilization, and costs in people with type 2 diabetes switching from a first-generation basal insulin to a second-generation (insulin glargine 300 U/mL) vs an alternative first-generation basal insulin.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2022Article
- Current State and Principles of Basal Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2022Review
- Practical guidance on the initiation, titration, and switching of basal insulins: a narrative review for primary care.Annals of medicine · 2021Review
- High Throughput Procedure for Comparative Analysis of In Vivo Cardiac Glucose or Amino Acids Use in Cardiovascular Pathologies and Pharmacological Treatments.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Insulin doses requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes using glargine U300 or degludec in routine clinical practice.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2021Article
- Individualizing Time-in-Range Goals in Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Role of Insulin: Clinical Insights From a Multinational Panel.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021Review
- Advances in Subcutaneous Delivery Systems of Biomacromolecular Agents for Diabetes Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Peptidome Analysis of Pancreatic Tissue Derived from T1DM Mice: Insights into the Pathogenesis and Clinical Treatments of T1DM.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Considerations for Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients During Hospitalization: A Narrative Review of What We Need to Know in the Age of Second-Generation Basal Insulin Analogs.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the introduction of insulin as a life-saving agent for patients with type 1 diabetes, insulin preparations have evolved to approximate physiologic insulin delivery profiles to meet prandial and basal insulin needs. While prandial insulins are designed to have quick time-action profiles that minimize postprandial glucose excursions, basal insulins are designed to have a protracted time-action profile to facilitate basal glucose control over 24 h. Given that all insulins have the same mechanism of action at the target tissue level, the differences in time-action profiles are achieved through different mechanisms of protraction, resulting in different behaviors in the subcutaneous space and different rates of absorption into the circulation. Herein, we evaluate the differences in basal insulin preparations based on their differential mechanisms of protraction, and the resulting clinical action profiles. Multiple randomized control trials and real-world evidence studies have demonstrated that the newer second-generation basal insulin analogs, insulin glargine 300 units/mL and insulin degludec 100 or 200 units/mL, provide stable glycemic control with once-daily dosing and are associated with a reduced risk of hypoglycemia compared with previous-generation basal insulin analogs insulin glargine 100 units/mL and insulin detemir. These advantages can lead to decreased healthcare resource utilization and cost. With this collective knowledge, healthcare providers and payers can make educated and well-informed decisions when determining which treatment regimen best meets the needs of each individual patient.Funding: Sanofi US, Inc.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.