ArticleBMC public health2019
Prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components among provinces and ethnic groups in Indonesia.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and mechanistic evidence on metabolic effects of oat β-glucan, rice bran, and unripe banana flour: a systematic review with mechanism-informed synthesis.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Pooled it
- Dynamic behavior of metabolic syndrome progression: a comprehensive systematic review on recent discoveries.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Different Functional Food Supplements on the Gut Microbiota of Prediabetic Indonesian Individuals during Weight Loss.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Comparative diagnostic accuracy of the triglyceride/HDL-c ratio and lipid accumulation product index for the early detection of metabolic syndrome among adults with obesity in Indonesia: findings from the 2023 Health Survey.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Syndemic analysis of stroke in Indonesia.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Diabetes care performance in Indonesia: a serial cross-sectional analysis of behavioral, clinical, and laboratory outcomes from 2013 to 2023.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- When conflict meets political exclusion: Ethnicity, governance, and child mortality.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- The major risk factor of stroke across Indonesia; a nationwide geospatial analysis of universal health coverage program.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- The epidemiology and burden of cardiovascular diseases in countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The Lancet. Public health · 2025Article
- Association Between CTLA4 Level and Obesity, Dyslipidemia, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2025Article
- Article
- Tobacco smoking in a high-IQ society in Indonesia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- The role of changes in metabolic syndrome status on health-related quality of life in Bogor City, West Java, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.Belitung nursing journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in Indonesia: a commentary on the need for integrated management and policy action.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The relationship between non-communicable disease risk and mental wellbeing in adolescence: a cross-sectional study utilising objective measures in Indonesia.BMC public health · 2024Article
- A Novel Interaction between a 23-SNP Genetic Risk Score and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on HbA1c Levels in Southeast Asian Women.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Explaining adverse cholesterol levels and distinct gender patterns in an Indonesian population compared with the U.S.Economics and human biology · 2024Article
- Global trends in clinical trials and interventions for the metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive analysis of the WHO International Clinical Trials platform.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- The impact of lifestyle, measured with the HLPCQ questionnaire on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Poland: a multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlobal increase of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have affected Indonesia, however, lack of data in this multiethnic group country warrants a nationwide study for MetS and its components. This study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among Indonesian people based on the province and ethnic groups.
methodsWe obtained 8573 subjects from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 4 (IFLS4), spread over 20 provinces in Indonesia and consisting of 27 ethnic groups. MetS was operationalized according to an adapted Harmonized MetS definition. Prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval were estimated using log-binomial regression.
resultsThe prevalence of MetS in Indonesia is 21.66% with provincial prevalence ranging from 0 to 50%, while the ethnic prevalence ranging from 0 to 45.45%. Significant higher MetS prevalence ratios were found in Jakarta (PR 1.826; 95CI 1.628-2.048), West Nusa Tenggara (PR 1.412; 95CI: 1.222-1.630), West Sumatra (PR 1.404; 95CI: 1.202-1.641), East Java province (PR 1.109; 95CI: 1.001-1.229) and in Sasak (PR 1.532; 95CI:1.304-1.800), Minangkabau (PR 1.469; 95CI:1.251-1.726), Betawi (PR 1.597; 95CI:1.346-1.895), Acehnese ethnic group (PR 2.101; 95CI:1.099-4.020) while significant lower prevalence ratios were observed in Central Java (PR 0.668; 95CI: 0.580-0.770), Yogyakarta (PR 0.695; 95CI: 0.575-0.840), Banten (PR 0.718; 95CI: 0.533-0.968), Bali province (PR 0.724; 95CI: 0.590-0.889) and in Javanese (PR 0.855; 95CI:0.788-0.928), also Balinese ethnic groups (PR 0.669; 95CI:0.535-0.836). The highest prevalence of MetS components among Indonesians was low HDL cholesterol (66.41%), followed by hypertension (64.45%), and central obesity (43.21%).
conclusionsThe prevalence of MetS in Indonesia is moderate with provincial and ethnic prevalence varied. Provincial and ethnic group differences in MetS prevalence ratios were observed. The top two most prevalent MetS components in Indonesian were low HDL cholesterol and hypertension.
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