ArticleThe American journal of medicine2019
Reasons for Differences in the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Black Versus White Americans.
Article in The American journal of medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of thrombosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term mortality and causes of death after venous thromboembolism: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Cohort Study.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Article
- A Growing mortality divide: demographic and regional disparities in thromboembolism with hypertension, U.S. 1999-2023.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
- Venous Thromboembolism Risk Associated With Relugolix-estradiol-norethisterone Acetate Combination Therapy.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Venous thromboembolism following surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Establishing a National Deep Vein Thrombosis Network in Ghana: findings from a prospective observational study embedded in a capacity-building initiative.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Prognostic implications of factor VIII levels in African Americans: insights from a propensity-matched US-based multicenter retrospective analysis.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Article
- Racial disparities in the management of deep vein thrombosis from a nationwide hospitalization study.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Evaluation of factors underlying differences in venous thromboembolism rates between Black and White patients.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2025Article
- RResearch and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Review
- Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment in Inpatient and Ambulatory Otolaryngology Surgical Patients.The Laryngoscope · 2025Article
- BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY OF SULFONATED POLYMERS.Journal of undergraduate chemistry research · 2025Article
- Hospital resource index, race/ethnicity, and postoperative venous thromboembolism risk: A causal mediation analysis.American journal of surgery · 2024Article
- Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for venous thromboembolism.Human molecular genetics · 2024Article
- Disparities in access to endovenous treatment options in chronic lower extremity superficial venous insufficiency: A national 7-year analysis.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- Trends of Pulmonary Embolism-Related Sudden Cardiac Death in the United States, 1999-2019.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2024Article
- Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for venous thromboembolism.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Generalizability of COBRA: A Parsimonious Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Model.The Journal of surgical research · 2024Article
- Venous thromboembolism mortality and trends in older US adults, 2011-2019.American journal of hematology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byThe Reply.2019
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionVenous thromboembolism incidence rates are 30%-100% higher in US blacks than whites. We examined the degree to which differences in the frequencies of socioeconomic, lifestyle, medical risk factors, and genetic variants explain the excess venous thromboembolism risk in blacks and whether some risk factors are more strongly associated with venous thromboembolism in blacks compared with whites.
methodsWe measured venous thromboembolism risk factors in black and white participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study in 1987-1989 and followed them prospectively through 2015 for venous thromboembolism incidence.
resultsOver a mean of 22 years, we identified 332 venous thromboembolisms in blacks and 578 in whites, yielding 65% higher crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years in blacks. The age and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of venous thromboembolism for blacks compared with whites was 2.04 (1.76, 2.37) for follow-up >10 years and was attenuated to 1.14 (0.89, 1.46) when adjusted for baseline confounders or mediators of the race association, which tended to be more common in blacks. For example, adjustment for just baseline weight, family income, and concentration of plasma factor VIII reduced the regression coefficient for race by 75%. There were no significant (P <0.05) 2-way multiplicative interactions of race with any risk factor, except with a 5-single nucleotide polymorphism (5-SNP) genetic risk score (a weaker venous thromboembolism risk factor in blacks) and with hospitalization for heart failure (a stronger venous thromboembolism risk factor in blacks).
conclusionThe higher incidence rate of venous thromboembolism in blacks than whites was mostly explained by blacks having higher frequencies of venous thromboembolism risk factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.