SynthesisCells2019
The Potential Use of Metformin, Dipyridamole, N-Acetylcysteine and Statins as Adjunctive Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Synthesis in Cells, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural products as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for the management of non-communicable diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Effect of Dipyridamole on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: Reprogrammed Immune Cell Landscape and Reduced Th17 Pathogenicity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Oxidative Stress as a Regulatory Checkpoint in the Production of Antiphospholipid Autoantibodies: The Protective Role of NRF2 Pathway.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Pharmacological strategies for mitigating anti-TNF biologic immunogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Oxidative Stress Contributes to Inflammatory and Cellular Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Cellular Markers and Molecular Mechanism.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Unveiling the potential pleiotropic effects of metformin in treating COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Dipyridamole and adenosinergic pathway in Covid-19: a juice or holy grail.The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics · 2022Review
- Profound inhibition of CD73-dependent formation of anti-inflammatory adenosine in B cells of SLE patients.EBioMedicine · 2021Article
- Immunometabolism at the cornerstone of inflammaging, immunosenescence, and autoimmunity in COVID-19.Aging · 2020Article
- Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: an update.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2020Review
- A New Drug-Drug Interaction Between Hydroxychloroquine and Metformin? A Signal Detection Study.Drug safety · 2020Article
- Review
- Targeting Neutrophils to Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Coronavirus Disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition that can potentially affect every single organ during the course of the disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality, and reduced health-related quality of life. While curative treatment is currently non-existent for SLE, therapeutic agents such as glucocorticoids, mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide and various biologics are the mainstay of treatment based on their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. As a result of global immunosuppression, the side-effect profile of the current therapeutic approach is unfavourable, with adverse effects including myelosuppression, infection and malignancies. Hydroxychloroquine, one of the very few Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications for the treatment of SLE, has been shown to offer a number of therapeutic benefits to SLE patients independent of its immunomodulatory effect. As such, it is worth exploring drugs similar to hydroxychloroquine that confer additional clinical benefits unrelated to immunosuppressive mechanisms. Indeed, apart from hydroxychloroquine, a number of studies have explored the use of a few conventionally non-immunosuppressive drugs that are potentially useful in the management of SLE. In this review, non-immunosuppressive therapeutic agents, namely metformin, dipyridamole, N-acetylcysteine and statins, will be critically discussed with regard to their mechanisms of action and efficacy pertaining to their potential therapeutic role in SLE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.