Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30994864›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2019

Transducin1, Phototransduction and the Development of Early Diabetic Retinopathy.

Haitao Liu, Jie Tang, Yunpeng Du, Aicha Saadane, Ivy Samuels, Alex Veenstra, Jianying Z Kiser, Krzysztof Palczewski, Timothy S Kern

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Explaining Retinal Susceptibility to Diabetes Through Photoreceptor Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  7. Advances and therapeutic opportunities in visual cycle modulation.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025
    Review
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  12. Effects ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2023
    Article
  13. Ferroptosis: mechanisms and advances in ocular diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023
    Review
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Haitao LiuDepartment of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Jie TangDepartment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Yunpeng DuDepartment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Aicha SaadaneDepartment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Ivy SamuelsVeterans Administration Medical Center Research Service 151, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Alex VeenstraDepartment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Jianying Z KiserDepartment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Krzysztof PalczewskiDepartment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Timothy S KernDepartment of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Case Western Reserve University · USCleveland Clinic · USUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs · USUniversity of California, Irvine · US

Funding

TISSUE CULTURE AND HYBRIDOMA MODULEP30EY011373 · NEI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Irina A Pikuleva · 1997 to 2026
$17.7M
Novel therapies to inhibit Diabetic RetinopathyR24EY024864 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 2015 to 2019
$8.1M
Role of Photoreceptors in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic RetinopathyR01EY022938 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 2013 to 2021
$3.7M
BLR&D Research Career Scientist ApplicationIK6BX003604 · VA · VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 2017 to 2021
–
BLRD VA I01 BX002754BLRD VA IK6 BX003604NEI NIH HHS P30 EY011373NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022938NEI NIH HHS R24 EY024864
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Recent evidence suggests that retinal photoreceptor cells have an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal microvascular lesions in diabetes. We investigated the role of rod cell phototransduction on the pathogenesis of early diabetic retinopathy (DR) using Gnat1-/- mice (which causes permanent inhibition of phototransduction in rod cells without degeneration). Methods: Retinal thickness, oxidative stress, expression of inflammatory proteins, electroretinograms (ERG) and optokinetic responses, and capillary permeability and degeneration were evaluated at up to 8 months of diabetes. Results: The diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries was significantly inhibited in the Gnat1-/- diabetics. The effect of the Gnat1 deletion on the diabetes-induced increase in permeability showed a nonuniform accumulation of albumin in the neural retina; the defect was inhibited in diabetic Gnat1-/- mice in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), but neither in the outer plexiform (OPL) nor inner nuclear (INL) layers. In Gnat1-deficient animals, the diabetes-induced increase in expression of inflammatory associated proteins (iNOS and ICAM-1, and phosphorylation of IĸB) in the retina, and the leukocyte mediated killing of retinal endothelial cells were inhibited, however the diabetes-mediated induction of oxidative stress was not inhibited. Conclusions: In conclusion, deletion of transducin1 (and the resulting inhibition of phototransduction in rod cells) inhibits the development of retinal vascular pathology in early DR.

Indexed as

Gene DeletionAnimalsCapillary PermeabilityDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDiabetic RetinopathyElectroretinographyGTP-Binding Protein alpha SubunitsI-kappa B ProteinsImmunoblottingIntercellular Adhesion Molecule-1MaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Mutant StrainsNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINystagmus, OptokineticGnat1 protein, mouseGTP-Binding Protein alpha SubunitsIcam1 protein, mouseI kappa B beta proteinI-kappa B ProteinsIntercellular Adhesion Molecule-1Nitric Oxide Synthase Type IINos2 protein, mouseStreptozocinTransducin

Identifiers

PMID30994864
PMCPMC6736377
OpenAlexW2939185314

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.