SynthesisBiological psychiatry2019
Epigenome-wide Association Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults.
Synthesis in Biological psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in externalizing behaviours: A review and combined analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Association between DNA methylation and ADHD symptoms from birth to school age: a prospective meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- A comprehensive overview of the biological foundations of ADHD.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Common and rare genetic variants explain distinct diagnostic variance in pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2025Article
- Brain region and cell type-specific DNA methylation profiles in association with ADHD.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: evidence base, uncertainties and controversies.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Rare Variant Analyses in Ancestrally Diverse Cohorts Reveal Novel ADHD Risk Genes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of hippocampal tissue in a murine model of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.PloS one · 2025Article
- Cortico-striatal differences in the epigenome in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Review
- Polygenic risk score for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain functional networks segregation in a community-based sample.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2023Article
- DNA methylation is associated with prenatal exposure to sulfur dioxide and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Discover mental health · 2023Review
- Sex Differences in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Key Role for the Immune System.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- A correlation map of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns between paired human brain and buccal samples.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2022Article
- Comprehensive analysis of omics data identifies relevant gene networks for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis and Potential Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Global DNA methylation changes in adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and its comorbidity with bipolar disorder: links with polygenic scores.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Associations between Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder within Families: A Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have reported associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and DNA methylation in children. We report the first epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, based on peripheral blood DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylation450K array) in three population-based adult cohorts.
methodsAn epigenome-wide association study was performed in the Netherlands Twin Register (N = 2258, mean age 37 years), Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (N = 800, age 38 years), and Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 1631, age 18 years), and results were combined through meta-analysis (total sample size N = 4689). Region-based analyses accounting for the correlation between nearby methylation sites were also performed.
resultsOne epigenome-wide significant differentially methylated position was detected in the Dunedin study, but meta-analysis did not detect differentially methylated positions that were robustly associated across cohorts. In region-based analyses, six significant differentially methylation regions (DMRs) were identified in the Netherlands Twin Register, 19 in the Dunedin study, and none in the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Of these DMRs, 92% were associated with methylation quantitative trait loci, and 68% showed moderate to large blood-brain correlations for DNA methylation levels. DMRs included six nonoverlapping DMRs (three in the Netherlands Twin Register, three in the Dunedin study) in the major histocompatibility complex, which were associated with expression of genes in the major histocompatibility complex, including C4A and C4B, previously implicated in schizophrenia.
conclusionsOur findings point at new candidate loci involved in immune and neuronal functions that await further replication. Our work also illustrates the need for further research to examine to what extent epigenetic associations with psychiatric traits depend on characteristics such as age, comorbidities, exposures, and genetic background.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.