ReviewDiabetes & vascular disease research2019
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular and renal disease in type 2 diabetes: What have we learned from the CARMELINA trial?
Review in Diabetes & vascular disease research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Critical View over the Newest Antidiabetic Molecules in Light of Efficacy-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Early potential safety signals for gliptins and gliflozins using real-world pharmacy data compared to spontaneous reporting.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Carthamin yellow-loaded glycyrrhetinic acid liposomes alleviate interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Comparative effectiveness of combining antidiabetic medications to treat renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A combination of virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, MM/PBSA, ADMET, and DFT calculations to identify a potential DPP4 inhibitor.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Suspected adverse drug reactions of the type 2 antidiabetic drug class dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i): Can polypharmacology help explain?Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Article
- Review
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in COVID-19: Beyond glycemic control.World journal of virology · 2022Review
- Trends in Prescribing Preferences for Antidiabetic Medications Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.K. With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease, 2006-2020.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes: A potential therapeutic effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19.Metabolism open · 2021Article
- Podocyte Glucocorticoid Receptors Are Essential for Glomerular Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 and Diabetic Kidney Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors: Applications in innate immunity?Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Review
- Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Clinical Efficacy of Brown SeaweedsMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Pioglitazone Is Associated with Lower Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events than DPP4-Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Taiwan Nationwide Cohort Study, 2006-2016.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Effects of canagliflozin on initiation of insulin and other antihyperglycaemic agents in the CANVAS Program.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2020Article
- Loss of Mitochondrial Control Impacts Renal Health.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- DPP4 and ACE2 in Diabetes and COVID-19: Therapeutic Targets for Cardiovascular Complications?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are a relatively new class of oral anti-hyperglycaemic drugs to treat type 2 diabetes through prevention of degradation of incretins by the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme. The large trials evaluating the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, alogliptin and saxagliptin demonstrated safety for cardiovascular disease. Post hoc analyses on renal endpoints yielded similar findings. Linagliptin is the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor evaluated in the CARMELINA trial. CARMELINA included individuals with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular and renal risk. Even in this setting, linagliptin displayed cardiovascular safety. CARMELINA also removed initial concerns for heart failure as a class-specific side-effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, as no signal for heart failure was found. Although numerically low, CARMELINA did confirm increased rates of pancreatitis in the linagliptin group, suggesting that pancreatitis is a class-specific side-effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Linagliptin reduced progression of albuminuria, but had no effect on other hard renal endpoints. Overall, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are safe but do not confer significant reductions in complications observed for some of the other new glucose-lowering drugs. However, linagliptin is a safe alternative in renal impairment, without dose adjustment. Furthermore, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors may hold value as alternatives to sulfonyl-urea derivatives or as an add-on therapy to delay insulin prescription given their favourable safety profile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.