SynthesisDisease markers2019
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels Correlate with Severity of Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Disease markers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05310916 (Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms and Different Types of Diabetic Retinopathy Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of diabetes research · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing the Role of Statins as an Adjunctive Anti-VEGF Therapy for Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyTrial
- Assessing the Role of Statins as an Adjunctive Anti-VEGF Therapy for Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyTrial
- A case-control study of promoter and 5'UTR VEGF polymorphisms in diabetic retinopathy.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2026Article
- Identification and validation of tolerogenic dendritic cells-related biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.Diabetology international · 2026Article
- Precision Medicine for Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating Genetics, Biomarkers, Lifestyle, and AI.Genes · 2025Review
- Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Compound Qilian Tablets in Treating Diabetic Retinopathy.Current computer-aided drug design · 2025Article
- Serum and vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor levels in diabetic retinopathy.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Review
- Diagnostic circulating biomarkers to detect vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy: Potential screening tool of the future?Acta ophthalmologica · 2022Review
- The effects of vitamin E on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Are they sustainable with 12 months of therapy.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Genetics of Diabetic Retinopathy, a Leading Cause of Irreversible Blindness in the Industrialized World.Genes · 2021Review
- Increased serum concentration of netrin-1 after intravitreal bevacizumab injection: is it a compensatory mechanism to counteract drug side effects?BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- MicroRNAs may provide new strategies in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: Importance of VEGF.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2021Review
- A 60% Edible Ethanolic Extract ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.Biochemia medica · 2020Review
- VEGF, apelin and HO-1 in diabetic patients with retinopathy: a correlation analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Potential therapeutic effects of endothelial cells trans-differentiated from Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on altered vascular functions in aged diabetic rat model.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInvestigations regarding serum and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) are conflicting. This meta-analysis is aimed at determining whether serum and plasma VEGF levels are associated with DR and its severity in diabetic patients.
methodsPubMed and EMBASE were used to search for published studies, and serum and plasma VEGF levels were compared among DR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and nondiabetic retinopathy (NDR) patients. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a random effects model.
resultsA total of 29 studies comprising 1805 DR (or NPDR or PDR) patients and 1699 NDR patients were included. ELISA was used to evaluate serum or plasma VEGF levels in all except for two studies included in this meta-analysis. Overall, serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in DR patients (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.44-1.03) than those in NDR patients, while plasma VEGF levels were not in the comparison (SMD: 0.40, 95% CI: -0.13-0.92). Similarly, NPDR (SMD: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22-0.80) and PDR (SMD: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.79-1.85) patients had higher serum VEGF levels compared with NDR patients, but the difference was not significant in plasma samples (SMD: 0.24, 95% CI: -0.47-0.95; SMD: 0.37, 95% CI: -0.30-1.05). In addition, serum VEGF levels were higher in PDR patients than those in NPDR patients (SMD: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.41-1.33), but plasma VEGF levels were not (SMD: -0.00, 95% CI: -0.31-0.31). The subgroup and metaregression analysis revealed that the study location, study design, and publication year of a study have certain influence on heterogeneity between studies in serum or plasma samples.
conclusionsVEGF levels in the serum instead of those in the plasma correlate to the presence and severity of DR in diabetic patients. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.