ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2020
New generation lipid emulsions increase brain DHA and improve body composition, but not short-term neurodevelopment in parenterally-fed preterm piglets.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Trial of Parenteral Nutrition Using a Mixed Lipid Emulsion Containing Fish Oil in Infants of Extremely Low Birth Weight: Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 12 and 24 Months Corrected Age, A Secondary Outcome Analysis.The Journal of pediatrics · 2020Trial
- Enhanced Energy Metabolism and Developmental Signaling in Neonatal Brains of Female Piglets Parenterally Fed with 18-Carbon n-3 Fatty Acid-Based Vegaven Compared with Fish Oil-Containing Lipid Emulsion.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Early parenteral lipid intake supports cerebellar neurometabolism at term-age in preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Observational
- Cyclic infusion mitigates liver dysfunction associated with continuous total parenteral nutrition in a novel murine model.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025Article
- Multicomponent parenteral lipid emulsions do not prevent liver injury in neonatal pigs with obstructive cholestasis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- The Novel Lipid Emulsion Vegaven Is Well Tolerated and Elicits Distinct Biological Actions Compared With a Mixed-Oil Lipid Emulsion Containing Fish Oil: A Parenteral Nutrition Trial in Piglets.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between SMOFlipid and impaired brain development on term-equivalent age brain magnetic resonance imaging in very preterm infants.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Outcomes in preterm infants who received a lipid emulsion with fish oil: An observational study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2023Observational
- Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Lipid Digestion in Human Milk and Infant Formulas Based on Simulated In Vitro Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Smoflipid Is Better Than Lipofundin for Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Parenteral lipids shape gut bile acid pools and microbiota profiles in the prevention of cholestasis in preterm pigs.Journal of lipid research · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
New generation, multicomponent parenteral lipid emulsions provide key fatty acids for brain growth and development, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), yet the content may be suboptimal for preterm infants. Our aim was to test whether DHA and AA-enriched lipid emulsions would increase activity, growth, and neurodevelopment in preterm piglets and limit brain inflammation. Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs were given three weeks of either enteral preterm infant formula (ENT) or TPN with one of three parenteral lipid emulsions: Intralipid (IL), SMOFlipid (SMOF) or an experimental emulsion (EXP). Activity was continuously monitored and weekly blood sampling and behavioral field testing performed. At termination of the study, whole body and tissue metrics were collected. Neuronal density was assessed in sections of hippocampus (HC), thalamus, and cortex. Frontal cortex (FC) and HC tissue were assayed for fatty acid profiles and expression of genes of neuronal growth and inflammation. After 3 weeks of treatment, brain DHA content in SMOF, EXP and ENT pigs was higher (P < 0.01) in FC but not HC vs. IL pigs. There were no differences in brain weight or neuron density among treatment groups. Inflammatory cytokine TNFα and IL-1β expression in brain regions were increased in IL pigs (P < 0.05) compared to other groups. Overall growth velocity was similar among groups, but IL pigs had higher percent body fat and increased insulin resistance compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). ENT pigs spent more time in higher physical activity levels compared to all TPN groups, but there were no differences in exploratory behavior among groups. We conclude that a soybean oil emulsion increased select brain inflammatory cytokines and multicomponent lipid emulsions enriched with DHA and AA in parenteral lipids results in increased cortical DHA and improved body composition without affecting short term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.