ArticleProtoplasma2019
Immunolocalization and phylogenetic profiling of the feather protein with the highest cysteine content.
Article in Protoplasma, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural and Functional Elements of the Epidermal Appendages in Birds and Reptiles: Conformations and Modes of Assembly of the Constituent β-Filaments and Keratin Intermediate Filaments (IF).Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- The Epithelial Egg Tooth of the Chicken Shares Protein Markers with the Embryonic Subperiderm and Feathers.Journal of developmental biology · 2025Article
- Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals a Dual Role of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex in the Skin and the Oesophagus.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Skin Appendage Proteins of Tetrapods: Building Blocks of Claws, Feathers, Hair and Other Cornified Epithelial Structures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Convergent Evolution Has Led to the Loss of Claw Proteins in Snakes and Worm Lizards.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Development-Associated Genes of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC).Journal of developmental biology · 2024Review
- Transcriptome and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis for Feather Follicle Density in a Chinese Indigenous Breed.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Evolutionary diversification of epidermal barrier genes in amphibians.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics defines keratinocyte differentiation in avian scutate scales.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Establishment of a culture model for the prolonged maintenance of chicken feather follicles structure in vitro.PloS one · 2022Article
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- The transcriptomic blueprint of molt in rooster using various tissues from Ginkkoridak (Korean long-tailed chicken).BMC genomics · 2021Article
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- Identification of epidermal differentiation genes of the tuatara provides insights into the early evolution of lepidosaurian skin.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Convergent Evolution of Cysteine-Rich Keratins in Hard Skin Appendages of Terrestrial Vertebrates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Feathers are the most complex skin appendages of vertebrates. Mature feathers consist of interconnected dead keratinocytes that are filled with heavily cross-linked proteins. Although the molecular architecture determines essential functions of feathers, only few feather proteins have been characterized with regard to their amino acid sequences and evolution. Here, we identify Epidermal Differentiation protein containing DPCC Motifs (EDDM) as a cysteine-rich protein that has co-evolved with other feather proteins. The EDDM gene is located within the avian epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), a cluster of genes that has originated and diversified in amniotes. EDDM shares the exon-intron organization with EDC genes of other amniotes, including humans, and a gene encoding an EDDM-like protein is present in crocodilians, suggesting that avian EDDM arose by sequence modification of an epidermal differentiation gene present in a common ancestor of archosaurs. The EDDM protein contains multiple sequence repeats and a higher number of cysteine residues than any other protein encoded in the EDC. Immunohistochemical analysis of chicken skin and skin appendages showed expression of EDDM in barb and barbules of feathers as well as in the subperiderm on embryonic scutate scales. These results suggest that the diversification and differential expression of EDDM, besides other EDC genes, was instrumental in facilitating the evolution of the most complex molecular architecture of feathers.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.