ArticleJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2019
Increased Six1 expression in macrophages promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and invasion by regulating MMP-9.
Article in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- SIX1 drives acute myeloid leukemia progression by reprogramming glycolytic metabolism and impairing CD8⁺ T-cell effector function.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Biological impact and therapeutic implication of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Targeting sine oculis homeoprotein 1 (SIX1): A review of oncogenic roles and potential natural product therapeutics.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Article
- Retraction Note: The BET inhibitor I-BET762 inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and enhances the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- LRRC75A-AS1 delivered by M2 macrophage exosomes promotes cervical cancer progression via enhancing SIX1 expression.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Retinal determination gene networks: from biological functions to therapeutic strategies.Biomarker research · 2023Review
- Hypoxia-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 increases basement membrane degradation by downregulating collagen type IV alpha 1 chain.Physiological research · 2022Article
- Tanshinone IIA inhibits cell growth by suppressing SIX1-induced aerobic glycolysis in non-small cell lung cancer cells.Oncology letters · 2022Article
- Metabolism and immunity in breast cancer.Frontiers of medicine · 2021Review
- High expression of SIX1 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in endometrial cancer.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- SIX1 Activation Is Involved in Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Anti-inflammation of Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Identification of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor That Disrupts the SIX1/EYA2 Complex, EMT, and Metastasis.Cancer research · 2020Article
- Tubular STAT3 Limits Renal Inflammation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2020Article
- O-GlcNAcylation of SIX1 enhances its stability and promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation.Theranostics · 2020Article
- Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Microvessel Proliferation and Basal Membrane Degradation in the Bone Marrow of Rats Regulated through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 Pathway.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Increased Six1 expression in macrophages promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and invasion by regulating MMP-9.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Review
- Macrophages and hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell & bioscience · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-03-20Concerns/Issues about Data · Contamination of Cell Lines/Tissues · Duplication of/in Image · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Results Not Reproducible · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increased Six1 expression is commonly observed in a variety of cancers and is positively correlated with cancer progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which Six1 affects the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. A series of experiments involving cell counting kit-8, colony formation and Transwell assay was used to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion respectively. Histological examination and immunofluorescence assay were also performed. The messenger RNA and protein expression of interesting genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting respectively. We found that Six1 was up-regulated in HCC and was associated with worse histological grade and poor survival rate. Increased expression of Six1 was shown to be able to boost cell growth, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas silencing of Six1 suppressed these malignant phenotypes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that, in macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was up-regulated by Six1. Interestingly, Six1 expression in macrophages was also able to trigger MMP-9 induction in HCC cells. Moreover, macrophage Six1 expression was able to induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) up-regulation and increase the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in HCC cells, which accounted for the elevated levels of MMP-9 and the higher invasive levels seen in HCC. Increased expression of Six1 in HCC aggravates the malignant behaviour of cancer cells, and we provide novel evidence that macrophage Six1 can stimulate cancer cell invasion by elevating MMP-9 expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.