ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2019
Multiple-Strain Infections of Human Cytomegalovirus With High Genomic Diversity Are Common in Breast Milk From Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women in Zambia.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interstrain recombinants of human cytomegalovirus uncouple glycoprotein display, virion infectivity, and spread characteristics.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Impact of colostrum oropharyngeal immunotherapy on postnatal growth in preterm infants based on early gut microbiota-host interaction patterns: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Interstrain Recombinants of Human Cytomegalovirus Reveal Complex Genetic Correlates and Epistasis Influencing Glycoprotein Display, Virion Infectivity and Spread Characteristics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Human cytomegalovirus gH/gL/gO binding to PDGFRα provides a regulatory signal activating the fusion protein gB that can be blocked by neutralizing antibodies.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Cytomegalovirus Genetic Diversity and Evolution: Insights into Genotypes and Their Role in Viral Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus entry into mucosal epithelial cells.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Persistent Low-Level Variants in a Subset of Viral Genes Are Highly Predictive of Poor Outcome in Immunocompromised Patients With Cytomegalovirus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Hybrid-Capture Target Enrichment in Human Pathogens: Identification, Evolution, Biosurveillance, and Genomic Epidemiology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Genomic and geographical structure of human cytomegalovirus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Direct Nanopore Sequencing of Human Cytomegalovirus Genomes from High-Viral-Load Clinical Samples.Viruses · 2023Article
- Complexity of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in South African HIV-Exposed Infants with Pneumonia.Viruses · 2022Article
- Identification of functionally important domains of human cytomegalovirus gO that act after trimer binding to receptors.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- VirStrain: a strain identification tool for RNA viruses.Genome biology · 2022Article
- Human cytomegalovirus strain diversity and dynamics reveal the donor lung as a major contributor after transplantation.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Identifying high-confidence variants in human cytomegalovirus genomes sequenced from clinical samples.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Orf Virus Detection in the Saliva and Milk of Dairy Goats.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Haplotype assignment of longitudinal viral deep sequencing data using covariation of variant frequencies.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Human cytomegalovirus multiple-strain infections and viral population diversity in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients analysed by high-throughput sequencing.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn developed countries, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in congenitally infected and immunocompromised individuals, where multiple-strain infection appears linked to disease severity. The situation is less documented in developing countries. In Zambia, breast milk is a key route for transmitting HCMV and carries higher viral loads in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. We investigated HCMV strain diversity.
methodsHigh-throughput sequence datasets were generated from 28 HCMV-positive breast milk samples donated by 22 mothers (15 HIV-infected and 7 HIV-negative) at 4-16 weeks postpartum, then analyzed by genome assembly and novel motif-based genotyping in 12 hypervariable HCMV genes.
resultsAmong the 20 samples from 14 donors (13 HIV-infected and one HIV-negative) who yielded data meeting quality thresholds, 89 of the possible 109 genotypes were detected, and multiple-strain infections involving up to 5 strains per person were apparent in 9 HIV-infected women. Strain diversity was extensive among individuals but conserved compartmentally and longitudinally within them. Genotypic linkage was maintained within hypervariable UL73/UL74 and RL12/RL13/UL1 loci for virus entry and immunomodulation, but not between genes more distant from each other.
conclusionsBreast milk from HIV-infected women contains multiple HCMV strains of high genotypic complexity and thus constitutes a major source for transmitting viral diversity.
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