ArticleNeuroscience2019
A sexually dimorphic distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 in the paraventricular hypothalamus.
Article in Neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal stress alters offspring neurovascular, autonomic, and immune development in animal models of neuropsychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in neuromodulatory subcortical systems and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Dihydrotestosterone regulation of stress-related behaviors in mice exposed to subchronic variable stress.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Disruption of the CRFeLife · 2025Article
- The Interaction of Vasopressin with Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: The Significance for Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Androgen regulation of behavioral stress responses and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.Hormones and behavior · 2024Review
- Hormone Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 in the Female Mouse Brain.Neuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in androgen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, and c-Fos co-expression with corticotropin releasing factor expressing neurons in restrained adult mice.Hormones and behavior · 2023Article
- Sexually dimorphic oxytocin receptor-expressing (OXTR) neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) in the postpartum female mouse are involved in maternal behavior.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Changes in Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Type 1, Co-Expression with Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Oxytocin Neurons, and Anxiety-Like Behaviors across the Postpartum Period in Mice.Neuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- A subpopulation of oxytocin neurons initiate expression of CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) in females post parturition.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Corticotropin releasing factor neurons in the visual cortex mediate long-term changes in visual function induced by early adversity.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Androgen Regulation of Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 1 in the Mouse Brain.Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Anterior pituitary, sex hormones, and keratoconus: Beyond traditional targets.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2022Article
- Alterations in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 in the preoptic area and hypothalamus in mice during the postpartum period.Hormones and behavior · 2021Article
- Sex differences in CRF1, CRF, and CRFBP expression in C57BL/6J mouse brain across the lifespan and in response to acute stress.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Article
- Androgens and Their Role in Regulating Sex Differences in the Hypothalamic/Pituitary/Adrenal Axis Stress Response and Stress-Related Behaviors.Androgens: clinical research and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Roles for androgens in mediating the sex differences of neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses.Biology of sex differences · 2020Review
- Sex-dependent effects of chronic variable stress on discrete corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 cell populations.Physiology & behavior · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sex differences in neural structures are generally believed to underlie sex differences reported in anxiety, depression, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, although the specific circuitry involved is largely unclear. Using a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) reporter mouse line, we report a sexually dimorphic distribution of CRFR1 expressing cells within the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVN; males > females). Relative to adult levels, PVN CRFR1-expressing cells are sparse and not sexually dimorphic at postnatal days 0, 4, or 21. This suggests that PVN cells might recruit CRFR1 during puberty or early adulthood in a sex-specific manner. The adult sex difference in PVN CRFR1 persists in old mice (20-24 months). Adult gonadectomy (6 weeks) resulted in a significant decrease in CRFR1-immunoreactive cells in the male but not female PVN. CRFR1 cells show moderate co-expression with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and high co-expression with androgen receptor, indicating potential mechanisms through which circulating gonadal hormones might regulate CRFR1 expression and function. Finally, we demonstrate that a psychological stressor, restraint stress, induces a sexually dimorphic pattern of neural activation in PVN CRFR1 cells (males >females) as assessed by co-localization with the transcription/neural activation marker phosphorylated CREB. Given the known role of CRFR1 in regulating stress-associated behaviors and hormonal responses, this CRFR1 PVN sex difference might contribute to sex differences in these functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.