ReviewNutrients2019
Carbohydrate Restriction in Type 1 Diabetes: A Realistic Therapy for Improved Glycaemic Control and Athletic Performance?
Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes Mellitus and Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Guideline
- Trial
- The beneficial impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic variability in insulin-deficient diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Trial
- Sensor-Based Glucose Metrics during Different Diet Compositions in Type 1 Diabetes-A Randomized One-Week Crossover Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effect of Mini-Dose Ready-to-Use Liquid Glucagon on Preventing Exercise-Associated Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2023Trial
- Effect of Nutritional Habits on the Glycemic Response to Different Carbohydrate Diet in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Dietary Interventions for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes, Guideline Alignment, and Research Gaps-A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Low carbohydrate diets, glycaemic control, enablers, and barriers in the management of type 1 diabetes: a mixed methods systematic review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Review
- Recovery Phase Nutrition and Insulin Strategies for a Collegiate Distance Runner with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of Neck-Deep Immersion in Cool or Thermoneutral Water on Blood Glucose Levels in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Effect of heterologous platelet-rich plasma on liver and modulation of glucose metabolism and Wnt signalling pathways in diabetic mice.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Where to Start? Physical Assessment, Readiness, and Exercise Recommendations for People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023Article
- Towards the Integration of an Islet-Based Biosensor in Closed-Loop Therapies for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns, and Glycemic Management in Active Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: An Online Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Diagnosis and treatment of type 1 diabetes at the dawn of the personalized medicine era.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Association Between a Low Carbohydrate Diet, Quality of Life, and Glycemic Control in Australian Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pilot Study.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- Responses to Low- and High-Intensity Exercise in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Relation to Their Level of VOInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Obesity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Links, Risks and Management Challenges.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Around 80% of individuals with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States do not achieve glycaemic targets and the prevalence of comorbidities suggests that novel therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle modification, are needed. Current nutrition guidelines suggest a flexible approach to carbohydrate intake matched with intensive insulin therapy. These guidelines are designed to facilitate greater freedom around nutritional choices but they may lead to higher caloric intakes and potentially unhealthy eating patterns that are contributing to the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in people with T1D. Low carbohydrate diets (LCD; <130 g/day) may represent a means to improve glycaemic control and metabolic health in people with T1D. Regular recreational exercise or achieving a high level of athletic performance is important for many living with T1D. Research conducted on people without T1D suggests that training with reduced carbohydrate availability (often termed "train low") enhances metabolic adaptation compared to training with normal or high carbohydrate availability. However, these "train low" practices have not been tested in athletes with T1D. This review aims to investigate the known pros and cons of LCDs as a potentially effective, achievable, and safe therapy to improve glycaemic control and metabolic health in people with T1D. Secondly, we discuss the potential for low, restricted, or periodised carbohydrate diets in athletes with T1D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.