Observational studyWorld journal of gastroenterology2019
Immune response pattern varies with the natural history of chronic hepatitis B.
Observational study in World journal of gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using exploratory pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses to predict the probability of flu-like symptoms in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with the toll-like receptor 7 agonist ruzotolimod.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Chronic active and chronic inactive hepatitis B virus infection: Comparative study of genetic polymorphism and blood profile measures.PloS one · 2025Article
- Anti-HBV treatment partially restores the dysfunction of innate immune cells and unconventional T cells during chronic HBV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Hepatitis B Virus Patients: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Serum cytokine change profile associated with HBsAg loss during combination therapy with PEG-IFN-α in NAs-suppressed chronic hepatitis B patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B Therapeutic Vaccine: A Patent Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Molecular Mechanisms during Hepatitis B Infection and the Effects of the Virus Variability.Viruses · 2021Review
- Clinical significance of small molecule metabolites in the blood of patients with different types of liver injury.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Characteristics of Natural Killer Cells and T Cells Vary With the Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B in Children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Significantly Decreased IsletInternational journal of endocrinology · 2021Article
- Unresolved issues of immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis B.Journal of gastroenterology · 2020Review
- The Good and the Bad of Natural Killer Cells in Virus Control: Perspective for Anti-HBV Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic hepatitis B is a highly heterogeneous disease that can be divided into four phases: Immune tolerant (IT), immune active (IA), inactive carrier (IC) and hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-negative hepatitis (ENEG).
aimTo investigate the immune status of natural killer (NK) and T cells in different phases of chronic hepatitis B.
methodsThe frequency, phenotype and function of circulating NK cells, as well as nonantigen-specific and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cell responses were detected by flow cytometry in healthy and HBV-infected subjects.
resultsThe ability of NK cells to produce IFN-γ was markedly attenuated in HBV-infected patients overall but was less compromised in IC patients. Patients in the IT and IA phases also displayed significantly lower TNF-α production compared to healthy subjects. NK cells were phenotypically activated in the IA and ENEG phases, as evidenced by the upregulation of NKp44 in CD56
conclusionOur findings demonstrate the changes in immune response pattern during the natural history of HBV infection. Both NK and T cells are functionally impaired in the IT and IA phases. With the spontaneous clearance of HBeAg and hepatitis B surface antigen decline, NK cell cytokine production and HBV-specific T responses are partially restored in IC phase, and the ENEG phase is dominated by nonantigen-specific T cell responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.