ReviewArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2019
Growth Factors as Immunotherapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease.
Review in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of a durable left ventricular assist device on inflammation and cardiac remodelling in subjects with advanced heart failure.Open heart · 2026Observational
- International multisite implementation of distributed cell-free protein biomanufacturing to advance health and research equity.Science advances · 2026Article
- IL-3 Modulates Microglia Polarization and Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Neutrophil CD14: expanding the deep vein thrombosis framework.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-microglia IL-3-IL-3Rα signaling drives JAK2/STAT5-dependent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after status epilepticus.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Elevated acute-phase plasma levels of S100A12 [EN-RAGE] are associated with vascular recurrence after ischemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Immunometabolism in heart failure.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- The Skin Microenvironment: A Dynamic Regulator of Hair Follicle Development, Cycling and Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Customized Heparinized Alginate and Collagen Hydrogels for Tunable, Local Delivery of Angiogenic Proteins.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Brain interleukins and Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Abnormal Changes of IL3/IL3R and Its Downstream Signaling Pathways in the Prion-Infected Cell Line and in the Brains of Scrapie-Infected Rodents.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor family, and heparin binding endothelial growth factor are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Metabolic syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Saphenous Vein Exposed to Ex Vivo Arterial Haemodynamics-Implications for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patency and Vein Graft Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of lifestyle factors on leukocytes in cardiovascular health and disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Cytokine Profiling of Plasma and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Interleukin-3 coordinates glial-peripheral immune crosstalk to incite multiple sclerosis.Immunity · 2023Article
- ADAM10 and ADAM17, Major Regulators of Chronic Kidney Disease Induced Atherosclerosis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition prevents vascular calcifying extracellular vesicle biogenesis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Article
- The Influence of Comorbidities on Chemokine and Cytokine Profile in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Preliminary Results.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth factors, such as CSFs (colony-stimulating factors), EGFs (epidermal growth factors), and FGFs (fibroblast growth factors), are signaling proteins that control a wide range of cellular functions. Although growth factor networks are critical for intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis, their abnormal production or regulation occurs in various pathologies. Clinical strategies that target growth factors or their receptors are used to treat a variety of conditions but have yet to be adopted for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on M-CSF (macrophage-CSF), GM-CSF (granulocyte-M-CSF), IL (interleukin)-3, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), and FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21). We first discuss the efficacy of targeting these growth factors in other disease contexts (ie, inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, cancer, or metabolic disorders) and then consider arguments for or against targeting them to treat cardiovascular disease. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.