SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Dietary Sources of Salt in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of a Salt Substitute on the Incidence of Hypertension: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Sources of Dietary Salt Around the World.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Sodium and Salt Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies and Surveys.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of internal migration on blood pressure among a cohort of young adults in South Africa.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Sodium Content of Street and Restaurant Foods in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis of Food System Determinants.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Prediction of Pregnancy-Related Complications in Women of Advanced Maternal Age: A Nomogram Based on LASSO and Logistic Regression.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Article
- A comprehensive review on cardiovascular disorders development due to salt intake: an emphasis on policy implementation.Health research policy and systems · 2025Review
- Salt Reduction and Iodine Fortification Policies Are Compatible: Perspectives for Public Health Advocacy.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Enhancing child dietary diversity through cooking demonstration and nutritional education in rural Lao PDR.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Stakeholder perspectives on Nigeria's national sodium reduction program: Lessons for implementation and scale-up.PloS one · 2023Article
- Sodium in relation with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Food science & nutrition · 2022Review
- Implementing effective salt reduction programs and policies in low- and middle-income countries: learning from retrospective policy analysis in Argentina, Mongolia, South Africa and Vietnam.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Influence of Salting Technology on the Diffusion of NaCl in Swordfish (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Hypertension in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Circulation research · 2021Review
- Prevalence of prehypertension and its risk factors in midlife and late life: Indonesian family life survey 2014-2015.BMC public health · 2021Article
- A Cross-Sectional Survey of Salty Snack Consumption among Serbian Urban-Living Students and Their Contribution to Salt Intake.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Salt and potassium intake among adult Ghanaians: WHO-SAGE Ghana Wave 3.BMC nutrition · 2020Article
- Harmful Compounds and Willingness to Buy for Reduced-Additives Salami. An Outlook on Italian Consumers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is transforming dietary patterns from reliance on traditional staples to increased consumption of energy-dense foods high in saturated fats, trans fats, sugars, and salt. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine major food sources of salt in LMICs that could be targeted in strategies to lower population salt intake. Articles were sourced using Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature. Inclusion criteria were: reported dietary intake of Na/salt using dietary assessment methods and food composition tables and/or laboratory analysis of salt content of specific foods in populations in countries defined as low or middle income (LMIC) according to World Bank criteria. Of the 3207 records retrieved, 15 studies conducted in 12 LMICs from diverse geographical regions met the eligibility criteria. The major sources of dietary salt were breads, meat and meat products, bakery products, instant noodles, salted preserved foods, milk and dairy products, and condiments. Identification of foods that contribute to salt intake in LMICs allows for development of multi-faceted approaches to salt reduction that include consumer education, accompanied by product reformulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.