ReviewBiology of sex differences2019
Sex differences in the metabolic effects of the renin-angiotensin system.
Review in Biology of sex differences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in insulin resistance and associated metabolic and inflammatory markers among adults with and without HIV in Zambia.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Baseline characteristics and associated factors for hypertension in children with chronic kidney disease: results from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease study.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2026Article
- AFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Endogenous and exogenous determinants of sex differences in blood pressure.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Review
- Microbial Metabolite 4EPS Inhibits AT1R to Reduce Blood Pressure and Aortic Aneurysm Outcome.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Sex Hormone Androgen Elevates Blood Pressure Through Gut Microbiota-TMAO Pathway.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Increased Salt-Sensitive Blood Pressure in Women vs Men: Is Relative Hyperaldosteronism the Mechanism?The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Circulating Levels of Angiotensinogen, Sex Hormones, and Hormone Therapy-The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- The impact of androgens on cardiovascular control mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: Recent advances and translational approaches.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Effect of Pituitary-Target Gland Axis on RAAS in the Context of COVID-19.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Angiotensin-(1-7) and Central Control of Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Implications for Obesity Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Salt-Responsive Gut Microbiota Induces Sex-Specific Blood Pressure Changes.Circulation research · 2024Article
- Antihypertensive medication classes and risk of incident dementia in primary care patients: a longitudinal cohort study in the Netherlands.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- The Renin-Angiotensin System in Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Genetic variations in ACE2 gene associated with metabolic syndrome in southern China: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between albumin-corrected anion gap level and the risk of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit.International urology and nephrology · 2024Article
- Article
- Sexual Dimorphic Interplays Between Gut Microbiota and Antihypertensive Drugs.Current hypertension reports · 2023Review
- The Relationship between Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Activity, Osteoporosis and Estrogen Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- High-plasma soluble prorenin receptor is associated with vascular damage in male, but not female, mice fed a high-fat diet.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that greatly increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Sex differences in the obese phenotype are well established in experimental animal models and clinical populations. While having higher adiposity and obesity prevalence, females are generally protected from obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This protection is, at least in part, attributed to sex differences in metabolic effects of hormonal mediators such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Previous literature has predominantly focused on the vasoconstrictor arm of the RAS and shown that, in contrast to male rodent models of obesity and diabetes, females are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular derangements produced by angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II. A vasodilator arm of the RAS has more recently emerged which includes angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), mas receptors, and alamandine. While accumulating evidence suggests that activation of components of this counter-regulatory axis produces positive effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and energy balance in male animal models, female comparison studies and clinical data related to metabolic outcomes are lacking. This review will summarize current knowledge of sex differences in metabolic effects of the RAS, focusing on interactions with gonadal hormones and potential clinical implications.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.