SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2020
The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Hypertension Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of gut microbiota in hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD): a systematic review.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Impacts of intestinal microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide on cardiovascular disease: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of TMAO on the incidence and prognosis of cerebral infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- The relationship between trimethylamine-N-oxide and the risk of acute ischemic stroke: A dose‒response meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Specific alterations in gut microbiota in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review.Renal failure · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Caloric Restriction and Exercise on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolism in Women with Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Gut dysbiosis, blood pressure regulation, and cardiometabolic risk in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS).Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics Genome-Wide to Explore the Formation and Development Targets for Intracranial Aneurysms.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Oral‑gut axis in systemic disease: A barrier‑metabolism‑immunity three‑dimensional regulatory model (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome: Differences in Microbial Signatures and Clinical Profiles.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Primary-Level Meta-Analysis of Diversity Outbred Mice Identifies a Fasting Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Locus Modified by Sex and Diet.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota as an Innovative Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases from a Metabolic and Inflammatory Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Associations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, its subtypes and blood pressure in the offspring: findings from the Shanghai Birth Cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The Gut-Brain-Cardiac Axis: How Microbiota Influence Cognitive and Cardiovascular Health.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Erxian Decoction Ameliorates Myocardial Damage in Ovariectomized Rats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and TMAO-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Mechanisms of Trimethylamine Oxide and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Blood metabolites mediate causal inference studies on the effect of gut microbiota on the risk of vascular calcification.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is increasingly regarded as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. However, little is known about the association between TMAO and hypertension. This meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the relation between the circulating TMAO concentration and hypertension prevalence. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were systematically searched up to 17 June 2018. Studies recording the hypertension prevalence in members of a given population and their circulating TMAO concentrations were included. A total of 8 studies with 11,750 individuals and 6176 hypertensive cases were included in the analytic synthesis. Compared with low circulating TMAO concentrations, high TMAO concentrations were correlated with a higher prevalence of hypertension (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.17; P < 0.0001; I2 = 64%; P-heterogeneity = 0.007; random-effects model). Consistent results were obtained in all examined subgroups as well as in the sensitivity analysis. The RR for hypertension prevalence increased by 9% per 5-μmol/L increment (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.14; P < 0.0001) and 20% per 10-μmol/L increment of circulating TMAO concentration (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.30; P < 0.0001) according to the dose-response meta-analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrating a significant positive dose-dependent association between circulating TMAO concentrations and hypertension risk.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.