ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete genome sequencing ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis by Activating the PI3K/ AKT Signaling Pathway.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Protective effects of nattokinase against microvasculopathy and neuroinflammation in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The relationship between HMGB1 and autophagy in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Neuroinflammation in retinitis pigmentosa: Therapies targeting the innate immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Involvement of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein in Optic Nerve Damage in Diabetes.Eye and brain · 2022Article
- Article
- The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions.Phytomedicine plus : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2021Review
- Loss of TLR4 in endothelial cells but not Müller cells protects the diabetic retina.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Role of HMGB1 signaling in the inflammatory process in diabetic retinopathy.Cellular signalling · 2020Review
- Epac1 Requires AMPK Phosphorylation to Regulate HMGB1 in the Retinal Vasculature.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- The Complex Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and High-Mobility Group Box: A Review of Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents early diabetic retinopathyAnnals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Epac1 and Glycyrrhizin Both Inhibit HMGB1 Levels to Reduce Diabetes-Induced Neuronal and Vascular Damage in the Mouse Retina.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Inhibition of HMGB1 Promotes Osseointegration under Hyperglycemic Condition through Improvement of BMSC Dysfunction.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
- Effects of Glycyrrhizin Treatment on Diabetic Cornea.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and TherapeuticsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), may be involved in retinal inflammation in response to high glucose. To test whether HMGB1 inhibition could protect the diabetic retina, C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic and treated with glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor, for up to six months. Measurements of permeability, neuronal, and vascular changes were done, as well as assessments of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) levels. Retinal endothelial cells (REC) treated with glycyrrhizin had reduced IL1β and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Data also demonstrate that glycyrrhizin effectively reduced HMGB1 levels throughout the retina, as well as maintained normal retinal permeability and retinal capillary coverage. Glycyrrhizin maintained normal cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer and prevented thinning of the retina at two months. These histological changes were associated with reduced reactive oxygen species, as well as reduced HMGB1, TNFα, and IL1β levels. The data strongly imply that HMGB1 inhibition prevented diabetic retinal changes through anti-inflammatory pathways.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.