ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2019
Evolution of Structural and Functional Diversity of Spexin in Mammalian and Non-mammalian Vertebrate Species.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging roles of spexin in cardiovascular homeostasis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Spexin-Mediated Dietary Adaptation inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between perivascular adipose tissue and adipocyte-derived peptide in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Review
- Spexin and its receptors in the yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi): identification, expression profiles and reproductive function.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
- The effect of spexin injection and its interaction with nitric oxide, serotonin, and corticotropin receptors on the central regulation of food intake in broilers.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Article
- Advances in research on spexin-mediated regulation of reproductive function in vertebrates.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Evolution of GCGR family ligand-receptor extensive cross-interaction systems suggests a therapeutic direction for hyperglycemia in mammals.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Article
- Immunoexpression of Spexin in Selected Segments of the Bovine (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Exploring the Potential Link between Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Trimethylamine N-Oxide, Phoenixin, Spexin, and Alarin Molecules.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Spexin in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax: Characterization, brain distribution, and interaction with Gnrh and Gnih neurons.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2023Article
- Social stress-induced serotonin dysfunction activates spexin in male Nile tilapia (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Editorial: Neuroendocrine regulation of feeding and reproduction in fish.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- New evidence for SPX2 in regulating the brain-pituitary reproductive axis of half-smooth tongue sole (Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Spexin and Galanin in Metabolic Functions and Social Behaviors With a Focus on Non-Mammalian Vertebrates.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Circulating spexins in children with obesity: relation to cardiometabolic risk.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Novel insights on the role of spexin as a biomarker of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Review
- Effect of Fasting on the Spexin System in Broiler Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Mouse Spexin: (III) Differential Regulation by Glucose and Insulin in Glandular Stomach and Functional Implication in Feeding Control.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Mouse Spexin: (I) NMR Solution Structure, Docking Models for Receptor Binding, and Histological Expression at Tissue Level.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a novel neuropeptide, which was first identified in the human genome using bioinformatics. Since then, orthologs of human SPX have been identified in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates. The mature sequence of SPX, NWTPQAMLYLKGAQ, is evolutionally conserved across vertebrate species, with some variations in teleost species where Ala at position 13 is substituted by Thr. In mammals, the gene structure of SPX comprises six exons and five introns, however, variation exists within non-mammalian species, goldfish and zebrafish having five exons while grouper has six exons. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis, reveal that SPX is grouped together with two neuropeptides, kisspeptin (KISS) and galanin (GAL) as a family of peptides with a common evolutionary ancestor. A paralog of SPX, termed SPX2 has been identified in non-mammalians but not in the mammalian genome. Ligand-receptor interaction study also shows that SPX acts as a ligand for GAL receptor 2 (2a and 2b in non-mammalian vertebrates) and 3. SPX acts as a neuromodulator with multiple central and peripheral physiological roles in the regulation of insulin release, fat metabolism, feeding behavior, and reproduction. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolutionary diversity as well as molecular and physiological roles of SPX in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate species.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.