Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31275462›Full record

ReviewScience and technology of advanced materials2019

PEGylated liposomes: immunological responses.

Marwa Mohamed, Amr S Abu Lila, Taro Shimizu, Eman Alaaeldin, Amal Hussein, Hatem A Sarhan, Janos Szebeni, Tatsuhiro Ishida

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Science and technology of advanced materials, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07215273 (A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Safety and Efficacy of EL219), which is not on this map. Cited by 224 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
224citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07215273 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Safety and Efficacy of EL219 (Turletricin) Versus Liposomal Amphotericin B or Voriconazole for Early Antifungal Therapy of Invasive Mould Infections (TREAT-1)

TypeinterventionalSponsorElion Therapeutics, Inc.Ran2026 to 2026Enrolled60ConditionsInvasive Mould InfectionArmsEL219, Active Comparator- IV Antifungal (LAmB or voriconazole)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

224 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. A real-world analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) events for liposomal nanoparticle-formulated and conventional anticancer irinotecan.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Article
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164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marwa MohamedDepartment of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
Amr S Abu LilaDepartment of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
Taro ShimizuDepartment of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
Eman AlaaeldinDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
Amal HusseinDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
Hatem A SarhanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
Janos SzebeniNanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Tatsuhiro IshidaDepartment of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A commonly held view is that nanocarriers conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) are non-immunogenic. However, many studies have reported that unexpected immune responses have occurred against PEG-conjugated nanocarriers. One unanticipated response is the rapid clearance of PEGylated nanocarriers upon repeat administration, called the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. ABC involves the production of antibodies toward nanocarrier components, including PEG, which reduces the safety and effectiveness of encapsulated therapeutic agents. Another immune response is the hypersensitivity or infusion reaction referred to as complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). Such immunogenicity and adverse reactivities of PEGylated nanocarriers may be of potential concern for the clinical use of PEGylated therapeutics. Accordingly, screening of the immunogenicity and CARPA reactogenicity of nanocarrier-based therapeutics should be a prerequisite before they can proceed into clinical studies. This review presents PEGylated liposomes, immunogenicity of PEG, the ABC phenomenon, C activation and lipid-induced CARPA from a toxicological point of view, and also addresses the factors that influence these adverse interactions with the immune system.

Indexed as

101 Self-assembly / Self-organized materials, drug delivery system30 Bio-inspired and biomedical materialsAccelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenonanti-PEG IgMcomplement activationcomplement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA)hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs)PEGylated liposomespolyethylene glycol (PEG)

Identifiers

PMID31275462
PMCPMC6598536

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.