ArticleBiological psychiatry2019
An Exploratory Examination of Neonatal Cytokines and Chemokines as Predictors of Autism Risk: The Early Markers for Autism Study.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Atypical cytokine profiles in people on the autism spectrum: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 54 cytokines.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- In search of immune cellular sources of abnormal cytokines in the blood in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of case-control studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Mid-gestation cytokine profiles in mothers of children affected by autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Mast Cells in the Developing Brain.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Review
- A Developmental Neuroimmune Cascade Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling Prenatal Immune Activation in Human Brain Organoids Uncovers IL-6-Dependent Interneuron Dysmaturation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- JUND-driven stress-responsive astrocytes promote neuronal apoptosis via enhanced gap junction signaling in autism spectrum disorder.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- Elucidating Biological Links in Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Blood-Based Risk Factor Identification to a Validated Nomogram for Early Risk Stratification.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Cord blood cytokines/chemokines linked to delays in toddlers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 prenatally.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?Brain sciences · 2025Review
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder Detected by Plasma Olink Proteomics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A microglia-containing cerebral organoid model to study early life immune challenges.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- A microglia-containing cerebral organoid model to study early life immune challenges.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Metabolic network analysis of pre-ASD newborns and 5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Differences in mid-gestational and early postnatal neonatal cytokines and chemokines are associated with patterns of maternal autoantibodies in the context of autism.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Neuroimmune mechanisms in autism etiology - untangling a complex problem using human cellular models.Oxford open neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe identification of an early biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would improve the determination of risk, leading to earlier diagnosis and, potentially, earlier intervention and improved outcomes.
methodsData were generated from the Early Markers for Autism study, a population-based case-control study of prenatal and neonatal biomarkers of ASD. Newborn bloodspots of children with ASD (n = 370), children with developmental delay (n = 140), and general population (GP) controls (n = 378) were analyzed for 42 different immune markers using a Luminex multiplex platform. Comparisons of immune marker concentrations between groups were examined using logistic regression and partial least squares discriminant analysis.
resultsChildren with ASD had significantly increased neonatal levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 compared with GP controls. An increase in IL-8 was especially significant in the ASD group with early onset compared with the GP group, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.83; p = .00014). In addition, children with ASD had significantly elevated levels of eotaxin-1, interferon-γ, and IL-12p70 relative to children with developmental delay. We observed no significant differences in levels of immune markers between the developmental delay and GP groups.
conclusionsElevated levels of some inflammatory markers in newborn bloodspots indicated a higher degree of immune activation at birth in children who were subsequently diagnosed with ASD. The data from this exploratory study suggest that with further expansion, the development of neonatal bloodspot testing for cytokine/chemokine levels might lead to the identification of biomarkers that provide an accurate assessment of ASD risk at birth.
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