SynthesisScientific reports2019
The Metabolic Cost of Walking in healthy young and older adults - A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05275140 (Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-component Training and Walking on Health Status in Independent Older Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-component Training and Walking on Health Status in Independent Older Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial With Group and Inter-individual Analysis
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of exercise on walking economy in patients with chronic neurological conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The cost of imbalance: how balance problems drive energy cost of walking in persons with multiple sclerosis.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Mapping the Multidimensional Link Between Spatiotemporal Gait Features and Metabolic Cost in Older Adults.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Use Treadmills with Caution: Walking Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Cost Are Elevated Compared to Overground Across Multiple Speeds in Healthy Young Adults.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Mechanics-based estimation of metabolic cost of locomotion in rehabilitation: A narrative review.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Limitations of Daily Step Count for Assessing Health in Older Adults: The Need to Consider Walking Intensity.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The softfoot pro at the cybathlon: kinematic, metabolic, and user performance evaluation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Article
- A distal-to-proximal shift is not a requisite mechanism for greater metabolic cost of walking in older adults.Journal of biomechanics · 2026Article
- Morphological Influences and Energetic Walking Flexibility in Determining Preferred vs. Optimal Speeds: An Evolutionary Human Ecology Perspective on Children and Adolescents.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
- Oxygen uptake kinetics differentiates two from six minute walk tests in lower extremity prosthesis users.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of physical activity in mitigating age-related changes in the neuromuscular control of gait.npj aging · 2025Article
- Feasibility and Effects of a Gait Assistance and Gait Resistance Training Program Using a Walking-Assist Wearable Robot for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Single-Group, Pre-, and Posttest Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Article
- Walking with increased step length variability increases the metabolic cost of walking in young adults.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- The Effect of Shoe Insole Stiffness Modifications on Walking Performance in Older Adults: A Feasibility Study.Journal of applied biomechanics · 2025Article
- Behavioural energetics in human locomotion: how energy use influences how we move.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Review
- Optimizing hip exoskeleton assistance pattern based on machine learning and simulation algorithms: a personalized approach to metabolic cost reduction.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2025Article
- Reduced Achilles tendon stiffness in aging associates with higher metabolic cost of walking.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Role of Walking Energetics and Perceived Fatigability Differs by Gait Speed: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Metabolic Cost of Walking (MCoW) is an important variable of daily life that has been studied extensively. Several studies suggest that MCoW is higher in Older Adults (OA) than in Young Adults (YA). However, it is difficult to compare values across studies due to differences in the way MCoW was expressed, the units in which it was reported and the walking speed at which it was measured. To provide an overview of MCoW in OA and YA and to investigate the quantitative effect of age on MCoW, we have conducted a literature review and performed two meta-analyses. We extracted data on MCoW in healthy YA (18-41 years old) and healthy OA (≥59 years old) and calculated, if not already reported, the Gross (GCoW) and Net MCoW (NCoW) in J/kg/m. If studies reported MCoW measured at multiple speeds, we selected those values for YA and OA at which MCoW was minimal. All studies directly comparing YA and OA were selected for meta-analyses. From all studies reviewed, the average GCoW in YA was 3.4 ± 0.4 J/kg/m and 3.8 ± 0.4 J/kg/m in OA (~12% more in OA), and the average NCoW in YA was 2.4 ± 0.4 J/kg/m and 2.8 ± 0.5 J/kg/m in OA (~17% more in OA). Our meta-analyses indicated a statistically significant elevation of both GCoW and NCoW (p < 0.001) for OA. In terms of GCoW, OA expended about 0.3 J/kg/m more metabolic energy than YA and about 0.4 J/kg/m more metabolic energy than YA in terms of NCoW. Our study showed a statistically significant elevation in MCoW of OA over YA. However, from the literature it is unclear if this elevation is directly caused by age or due to an interaction between age and methodology. We recommend further research comparing MCoW in healthy OA and YA during "natural" over-ground walking and treadmill walking, after sufficient familiarization time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.