Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31295409›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2019

Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Monique Tan, Feng J He, Changqiong Wang, Graham A MacGregor

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
11.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Metabolic diseases in the East Asian populations.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Monique Tan1 Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom.
Feng J He1 Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom.
Changqiong Wang1 Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom.
Graham A MacGregor1 Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom.
Queen Mary University of London · GB

Funding

Department of Health 16/136/77Medical Research Council MR/J015903/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background In China, high sodium and low potassium intakes result in elevated blood pressure, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, yet the intake estimates lack accuracy and nutritional strategies remain limited. Methods and Results We aimed to determine sodium and potassium intake by systematically searching for and quantitatively summarizing all published 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium data (ie, the most accurate method). MEDLINE , EMBASE , Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang were searched up to February 2019. All studies reporting 24-hour urinary sodium or potassium in China were included; hospitalized patients were excluded. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity was explored with meta-regression. Sodium data were reported in 70 studies (n=26 767), 59 of which also reported potassium (n=24 738). Mean sodium and potassium excretions were 86.99 mmol/24 h (95% CI , 69.88-104.10) and 14.65 mmol/24 h (95% CI , 11.10-18.20) in children aged 3 to 6 years, 151.09 mmol/24 h (95% CI , 131.55-170.63) and 25.23 mmol/24 h (95% CI , 22.37-28.10) in children aged 6 to 16 years, and 189.07 mmol/24 h (95% CI , 182.14-195.99) and 36.35 mmol/24 h (95% CI , 35.11-37.59) in adults aged >16 years. Compared with southern China, sodium intake was higher in northern China ( P<0.0001) but is declining ( P=0.0066). Conclusions Average sodium intake in all age groups across China is approximately double the recommended maximum limits, and potassium intake is less than half that recommended. Despite a decline, sodium intake in northern China is still among the highest in the world, and the North-South divide persists. Urgent action is needed to simultaneously reduce sodium and increase potassium intake across China.

Indexed as

Potassium, DietarySodium, DietaryAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolChinaFemaleHumansMalePotassiumRecommended Dietary AllowancesSodiumYoung AdultPotassiumPotassium, DietarySodiumSodium, Dietary24‐hour urinary excretionChinameta‐analysispotassiumsodium

Identifiers

PMID31295409
PMCPMC6662145
OpenAlexW2962643040

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.