SynthesisBMJ open2019
Association between diabetes mellitus and the risk for major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in women compared with men: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review of Traditional and Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reversion to normoglycemia from prediabetes: an analysis based on data from a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Cardiac-Kidney-Liver (CKL) syndrome: the "real entity" of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
- Changes in total cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk among type 2 diabetes patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sex differences in risk factors for end-stage kidney disease and death in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes · 2023Observational
- Association between body mass index and reversion to normoglycemia from impaired fasting glucose among Chinese adults: a 5-year cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Progress so Far and Progress to Come.International journal of women's health · 2023Review
- Association of haemoglobin glycation index with outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: results from an observational cohort study in China.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Age-dependent and sex-dependent disparity in mortality in patients with adrenal incidentalomas and autonomous cortisol secretion: an international, retrospective, cohort study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2022Article
- Diabetic women: Inpatient mortality risk before SARS-CoV-2.Obesity medicine · 2022Article
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease: Role in Metabolic Syndrome, "Prediabetes," Diabetes and Atherosclerosis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Review
- Hemoglobin A1c in combination with fasting plasma glucose trumps fasting plasma glucose alone as predictive indicators for diabetes mellitus: an ambidirectional cohort study of Thai people with impaired fasting glucose.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Article
- The impact of homocysteine on the risk of coronary artery diseases in individuals with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study.Acta diabetologica · 2021Article
- Association of daytime napping in relation to risk of diabetes: evidence from a prospective study in Zhejiang, China.Nutrition & metabolism · 2021Article
- The Influence of Gender in The Prognostic Impact of Diabetes mellitus in acute Pulmonary Embolism.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Impacts of Pre-Diabetes or Prehypertension on Subsequent Occurrence of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality among Population without Cardiovascular Diseases.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2020Article
- Cardiovascular risk associated with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) in type 2 diabetics.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePrevious studies have reported sex differences in associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke; however, the risk for cardiac death and all-cause mortality in women compared with men has not been reported. Therefore, this quantitative meta-analysis was performed to provide reliable estimates of sex differences in the effect of DM on major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality, irrespective of DM type.
designMeta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched in April 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Investigations designed as prospective cohort studies that examined the association between DM and major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality stratified according to sex were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by 2 of the authors, and the relative risk ratio (RRR) obtained using a random effects model was used to measure sex differences in the associations of DM with major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
resultsThirty prospective cohort studies that reported data from 1 148 188 individuals were included. The pooled women-to-men RRR suggested that female sex was associated with an increased risk for CHD (RRR 1.52(95% CI 1.32 to 1.76); p<0.001), stroke (RRR 1.23(95% CI 1.09 to 1.39); p=0.001), cardiac death (RRR 1.49(95% CI 1.11 to 2.00); p=0.009) and all-cause mortality (RRR 1.51(95% CI 1.23 to 1.85); p<0.001). In addition, sex differences for the investigated outcomes in the comparison between DM and non-DM patients were variable after stratification of studies according to publication year, country, sample size, assessment of DM, follow-up duration, adjustment for important cardiovascular risk factors and study quality.
conclusionsFindings of the present study suggested that women with DM had an extremely high risk for CHD, stroke, cardiac death and all-cause mortality compared with men with DM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.