ArticleToxins2019
Prodigiosin Promotes Nrf2 Activation to Inhibit Oxidative Stress Induced by Microcystin-LR in HepG2 Cells.
Article in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Delivery of Prodigiosin.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2026Article
- Increased and synergistic RNAi delivery using MOF polydopamine nanoparticles for biopesticide applications.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Rise of the natural red pigment 'prodigiosin' as an immunomodulator in cancer.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Article
- Butylcycloheptylprodigiosin and undecylprodigiosin are potential photosensitizer candidates for photodynamic cancer therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Inhibitory Effect of Delphinidin on Oxidative Stress Induced by HOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
- Novel Efficient Bioprocessing of Marine Chitins into Active Anticancer Prodigiosin.Marine drugs · 2019Article
- A Review of Cardiovascular Toxicity of Microcystins.Toxins · 2019Review
- A Promising Natural Red Pigment "Prodigiosin" Sensitizes Colon Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation, Induces Apoptosis, and Impedes MAPK/TNF-α/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway.Integrative cancer therapiesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, induces oxidative stress in various types of cells. Prodigiosin, a red linear tripyrrole pigment, has been recently reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. How prodigiosin reacts to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MC-LR is still undetermined. This study aimed to examine the effect of prodigiosin against oxidative stress induced by MC-LR in HepG2 cells. Ros was generated after cells were treated with MC-LR and was significantly inhibited with treatment of prodigiosin. In prodigiosin-treated cells, the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2-related phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were increased. Besides, prodigiosin contributed to enhance nuclear Nrf2 level and repressed ubiquitination. Furthermore, prodigiosin promoted Nrf2 protein level and inhibited ROS in Nrf2 knocked down HepG2 cells. Results indicated that prodigiosin reduced ROS induced by MC-LR by enhancing Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus in HepG2 cells. The finding presents new clues for the potential clinical applications of prodigiosin for inhibiting MC-LR-induced oxidative injury in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.