ArticleDiagnostic and prognostic research2019
Evidence synthesis in prognosis research.
Article in Diagnostic and prognostic research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Perioperative Factors Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Natural history of Lafora disease: a prognostic systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Developing more generalizable prediction models from pooled studies and large clustered data sets.Statistics in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Development of risk prediction model for chronic pain after knee replacement surgery: protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Task-aligned outcome learning in psychiatry: reducing endpoint dilution.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Long-Term PMLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- PROBAST+AI: an updated quality, risk of bias, and applicability assessment tool for prediction models using regression or artificial intelligence methods.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Prognostic Markers of Microinvasive Breast Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2023Review
- Transparent reporting of multivariable prediction models developed or validated using clustered data (TRIPOD-Cluster): explanation and elaboration.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Transparent reporting of multivariable prediction models developed or validated using clustered data: TRIPOD-Cluster checklist.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Development and validation of prognostic models for anal cancer outcomes using distributed learning: protocol for the international multi-centre atomCAT2 study.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2022Article
- Structured reporting to improve transparency of analyses in prognostic marker studies.BMC medicine · 2022Review
- The Zika Virus Individual Participant Data Consortium: A Global Initiative to Estimate the Effects of Exposure to Zika Virus during Pregnancy on Adverse Fetal, Infant, and Child Health Outcomes.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past few years, evidence synthesis has become essential to investigate and improve the generalizability of medical research findings. This strategy often involves a meta-analysis to formally summarize quantities of interest, such as relative treatment effect estimates. The use of meta-analysis methods is, however, less straightforward in prognosis research because substantial variation exists in research objectives, analysis methods and the level of reported evidence. We present a gentle overview of statistical methods that can be used to summarize data of prognostic factor and prognostic model studies. We discuss how aggregate data, individual participant data, or a combination thereof can be combined through meta-analysis methods. Recent examples are provided throughout to illustrate the various methods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.