ArticlePsychopharmacology2019
Self-administration of the synthetic cathinones 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) in rhesus monkeys.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical abuse potential testing using behavioral economics and drug self-administration demand-curve analysis: A strategy to improve resolution of drug stratification for regulatory control.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Methamphetamine and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) intravenous self-administration in female and male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Methamphetamine and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) Intravenous Self-Administration in Female and Male Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular and locomotor effects of binary mixtures of common 'bath salts' constituents: Studies with methylone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone and caffeine in rats.British journal of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular and Locomotor Effects of Binary Mixtures of Common "Bath Salts" Constituents: Studies with Methylone, MDPV, and Caffeine in Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Impacts of Self-Administered 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Alone, and in Combination with Caffeine, on Recognition Memory and Striatal Monoamine Neurochemistry in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats: Comparisons with Methamphetamine and Cocaine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Structural and functional perspectives on interactions between synthetic cathinones and monoamine transporters.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Persistent binding at dopamine transporters determines sustained psychostimulant effects.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Application of dose-addition analyses to characterize the abuse-related effects of drug mixtures.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Review
- Relative reinforcing effects of cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) under a concurrent access self-administration procedure in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Ethanol pre-exposure differentially impacts the rewarding and aversive effects of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP): Implications for drug use and abuse.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Article
- Influence of Contingent and Noncontingent Drug Histories on the Development of High Levels of MDPV Self-Administration.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021Article
- Paradoxical changes in brain reward status during oxycodone self-administration in a novel test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis.British journal of pharmacology · 2021Article
- Cannabidiol Modulates the Motivational and Anxiety-Like Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Functional characterization of N-octyl 4-methylamphetamine variants and related bivalent compounds at the dopamine and serotonin transporters using CaToxicology and applied pharmacology · 2021Article
- Reinforcing effects of synthetic cathinones in rhesus monkeys: Dose-response and behavioral economic analyses.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Article
- MDPV self-administration in female rats: influence of reinforcement history.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Flakka: New Dangerous Synthetic Cathinone on the Drug Scene.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe availability and abuse of synthetic analogues of cathinone have increased dramatically around the world. Synthetic cathinones, such as 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone [MDPV] and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone [α-PVP], are cocaine-like inhibitors of monoamine transporters and common constituents of "bath salts" or "flakka" preparations. Studies in rats suggest that MDPV and α-PVP are 3 to 4-fold more effective reinforcers than cocaine; however, comparisons of the relative reinforcing effectiveness of MDPV and α-PVP have not been reported in other species.
objectivesAccordingly, in the present study, 4 adult male rhesus monkeys responding under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement were used to characterize the reinforcing effects of MDPV and α-PVP and to compare directly these effects with those of cocaine and methamphetamine.
resultsMDPV was the most potent reinforcer, followed by α-PVP, methamphetamine, and cocaine. α-PVP was the most effective reinforcer, followed by MDPV, cocaine, and methamphetamine. In addition to making more responses to obtain MDPV and α-PVP, monkeys also responded for longer periods of time when MDPV or α-PVP was available compared with when either cocaine or methamphetamine was available for infusion.
conclusionsThese studies confirm recent reports from rodents and provide strong evidence that the synthetic cathinones MDPV and α-PVP are capable of maintaining high levels of responding for prolonged periods of time, and that they function as more effective reinforcers than either cocaine or methamphetamine. The relative strength of these reinforcing effects may account for the high rates of "bath salts" use reported in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.