Evidence mapPaperPMID 31372935Full record

SynthesisDrug safety2019

The Association between Metformin Therapy and Lactic Acidosis.

Isabelle H S Kuan, Ruth L Savage, Stephen B Duffull, Robert J Walker, Daniel F B Wright

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Drug safety, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Isabelle H S KuanSchool of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Ruth L SavageNew Zealand Pharmacovigilance Centre, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Stephen B DuffullSchool of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Robert J WalkerDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Daniel F B WrightSchool of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. dan.wright@otago.ac.nz.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-9252
University of Otago · NZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND

objectivesThere is increasing evidence to suggest that therapeutic doses of metformin are unlikely to cause lactic acidosis. The aims of this research were (1) to formally evaluate the association between metformin therapy and lactic acidosis in published case reports using two causality scoring systems, (2) to determine the frequency of pre-existing independent risk factors in published metformin-associated lactic acidosis cases, (3) to investigate the association between risk factors and mortality in metformin-associated lactic acidosis cases, and (4) to explore the relationship between prescribed metformin doses, elevated metformin plasma concentrations and the development of lactic acidosis in cases with chronic renal impairment.

methodsA systematic review was conducted to identify metformin-associated lactic acidosis cases. Causality was assessed using the World Health Organisation-Uppsala Monitoring Centre system and the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale. Compliance to dosing guidelines was investigated for cases with chronic renal impairment as well as the association between steady-state plasma metformin concentrations prior to admission.

resultsWe identified 559 metformin-associated lactic acidosis cases. Almost all cases reviewed (97%) presented with independent risk factors for lactic acidosis. The prescribed metformin dose exceeded published guidelines in 60% of cases in patients with impaired kidney function. Metformin steady-state plasma concentrations prior to admission were predicted to be below the proposed upper limit of the therapeutic range of 5 mg/L.

conclusionsAlmost all cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis reviewed presented with independent risk factors for lactic acidosis, supporting the suggestion that metformin plays a contributory role. The prescribed metformin dose, on average, exceeded the dosing recommendations by 1000 mg/day in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment but the predicted pre-admission plasma concentrations did not exceed the therapeutic range.

Indexed as

Acidosis, LacticCausalityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRisk FactorsHypoglycemic AgentsMetformin

Identifiers

PMID31372935
OpenAlexW2964406542

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.