ArticleDiabetes care2019
Does the Association of Diabetes With Stroke Risk Differ by Age, Race, and Sex? Results From the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incidence of Stroke in People With Diabetes Compared to Those Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2023Pooled it
- Healthy lifestyle factors and combined macrovascular and microvascular events in diabetes patients with high cardiovascular risk: results from ADVANCE.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Influence of prestroke glycemic status on outcomes by age in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Joint Association of Combined Healthy Lifestyle Factors and Hearing Loss With Cognitive Impairment in China.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Health impacts of new-onset diabetes in women post-gestational diabetes mellitus: Insights from Hong Kong's territory-wide data.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
- Polygenic Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans.Diabetes · 2024Article
- Health and Racial Disparities in Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Management, Policies, and Outcomes in the United States.Journal of community medicine & public health · 2024Article
- Relationship between diet and relative risk of pain in a cross-sectional analysis of the REGARDS longitudinal study.Pain management · 2022Article
- High serum complement component C4 as a unique predictor of unfavorable outcomes in diabetic stroke.Metabolic brain disease · 2021Article
- Sex-Specific MicroRNAs in Neurovascular Units in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Sex and Race Differences in the Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Fasting Blood Glucose in REGARDS.Neurology · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGiven temporal changes in diabetes prevalence and stroke incidence, this study investigated age, race, and sex differences in the diabetes-stroke association in a contemporary prospective cohort, the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe included 23,002 non-Hispanic black and white U.S. adults aged ≥45 years without prevalent stroke at baseline (2003-2007). Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL, or use of glucose-lowering medication. Incident stroke events were expert adjudicated and available through September 2017.
resultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 19.1% at baseline. During follow-up, 1,018 stroke events occurred. Among adults aged <65 years, comparing those with diabetes to those without diabetes, the risk of stroke was increased for white women (hazard ratio [HR] 3.72 [95% CI 2.10-6.57]), black women (HR 1.88 [95% CI 1.22-2.90]), and white men (HR 2.01 [95% CI 1.27-3.27]) but not black men (HR 1.27 [95% CI 0.77-2.10]) after multivariable adjustment. Among those aged ≥65 years, diabetes increased the risk of stroke for white women and black men, but not black women (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.74-1.48]) or white men (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.62-1.21]).
conclusionsIn this contemporary cohort, the diabetes-stroke association varied by age, race, and sex together, with a more pronounced effect observed among adults aged <65 years. With the recent increase in the burden of diabetes complications at younger ages in the U.S., additional efforts are needed earlier in life for stroke prevention among adults with diabetes.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.