Evidence mapPaperPMID 31399438Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2019

Effects of Liraglutide Compared With Placebo on Events of Acute Gallbladder or Biliary Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events in the LEADER Randomized Trial.

Michael A Nauck, Marie Louise Muus Ghorbani, Eskil Kreiner, Hans A Saevereid, John B Buse, LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Lead to Gastrointestinal Benefits in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023 · on this map
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Michael A NauckDiabetes Center Bochum-Hattingen, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany michael.nauck@rub.de.ORCID 0000-0002-5749-6954
Marie Louise Muus GhorbaniNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Eskil KreinerNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Hans A SaevereidNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
John B BuseUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKSt. Josef-Hospital · DEUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore gallbladder- and biliary tract-related events reported for the liraglutide and placebo groups in the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER) trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsLEADER was an international, randomized, double-blind, controlled cardiovascular (CV) outcomes trial. Participants with type 2 diabetes at high risk for CV events (

resultsThere was an increased risk of acute gallbladder or biliary disease with liraglutide versus placebo (

conclusionsAlthough LEADER was not specifically designed to assess acute gallbladder or biliary disease, the trial showed an increased risk of gallbladder- or biliary tract-related events with liraglutide versus placebo, which appeared to be consistent across four categories of these events. Further studies should investigate the relevant mechanisms.

Indexed as

Acute DiseaseAgedCardiovascular DiseasesCholecystitisCholestasisDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodFemaleGallstonesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutideMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsTreatment OutcomeHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutide

Identifiers

PMID31399438
PMCPMC7364668
OpenAlexW2969051643

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.