Evidence mapPaperPMID 31401725Full record

ArticleEndocrine2019

Metformin in overweight and obese women with gestational diabetes: a propensity score-matched study.

Rita Bettencourt-Silva, João Sérgio Neves, Maria João Ferreira, Pedro Souteiro, Sandra Belo, Ana Isabel Oliveira, Davide Carvalho, Gabriela Namora, Nuno Montenegro, Joana Queirós

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Gestational weight gain according to treatment in gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025
    Pooled it
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  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rita Bettencourt-SilvaDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal. ritabettsilva@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-7217-0509
João Sérgio NevesDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal.
Maria João FerreiraDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal.
Pedro SouteiroDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal.
Sandra BeloDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal.
Ana Isabel OliveiraDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal.
Davide CarvalhoDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal.
Gabriela NamoraFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Nuno MontenegroFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Joana QueirósDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeObesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an independent negative impact in pregnancy outcomes. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) represents an additional high-risk condition for adverse outcomes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential effect of metformin in GWG in overweight or obese women with GDM, to report our experience and to assess metformin's safety in this population.

methodsRetrospective observational cohort study involving pregnant women with GDM and pregestational overweight or obesity. Demographic, anthropometric, glycemic control data, obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. The sample was divided into two groups according to metformin treatment. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed using age, initial body mass index (BMI), trimester at GDM diagnosis and previous history of GDM or macrosomia as covariates.

resultsOf the 457 enrolled in the study, 177 (38.7%) were treated with metformin. Two groups of 130 well matched patients were balanced regarding baseline characteristics. Women in metformin group had significantly less excessive GWG (29.23% vs. 42.31%, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.94, p = 0.028) and more adequate GWG (36.92% vs. 23.08%, OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.14-3.35, p = 0.015). No significant differences were found between both groups regarding glycemic control, rate of insulinization, and obstetric, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

conclusionsThis study highlights metformin as an important and safe tool to prevent excessive GWG and promote adequate GWG in overweight or obese women with GDM, regardless of age, BMI, timing of GDM diagnosis, previous history of GDM or macrosomia.

Indexed as

AdultBlood GlucoseDiabetes, GestationalFemaleGestational Weight GainHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminObesityOverweightPregnancyPregnancy OutcomePropensity ScoreRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminGestational diabetesGestational weight gainMetforminObesityOverweight

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.