Trial reportDiabetes care2019
Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects From an Intensive Lifestyle Weight Loss Intervention on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Data From the Look AHEAD Trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Subgroup-specific cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention: a causal forest analysis in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Trial
- Exercise increases attentional bias towards food cues in individuals classified as overweight to obese.Physiology & behavior · 2022Trial
- Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups, Risk for Complications, and Differential Effects Due to an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Does the Impact of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Vary According to Frailty as Measured via Deficit Accumulation?The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Trial
- The Look AHEAD Research Program: A 25-Year Retrospective From the Perspective of Geroscience.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and postoperative deep vein thrombosis after tibial plateau fracture: a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Treatment Decision-making and Weight Loss Expectations for Current Obesity Treatment.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- AI-driven personalised management platform enhances glycaemic control and remission rates in type 2 diabetes: a quasi-experimental prospective cohort study.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Testing a Personalized Behavioral Weight Loss Approach Using Multifactor Prescriptions and Self-Experimentation: 12-Week mHealth Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Results.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Unmasking the hidden culprit: Recurrent syncope in a 62-year-old man linked to severe internal carotid artery stenosis.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Interplay between caveolin-1 and mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiometabolic disease.The Journal of endocrinology · 2024Review
- Association of Lifestyle Intervention With Risk for Cardiovascular Events Differs by Level of Glycated Hemoglobin.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Association of Combined Healthy Lifestyles With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality of Patients With Diabetes: An International Multicohort Study.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2023Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Antioxidants as Immunomodulators in Exercise: Implications for Heme Oxygenase and Bilirubin.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Association of weight loss and weight loss maintenance following diabetes diagnosis by screening and incidence of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: An observational analysis of the ADDITION-Europe trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Observational
- Health behaviors in major chronic diseases patients: trends and regional variations analysis, 2008-2017, Korea.BMC public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo explore the presence of heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) of an intensive lifestyle intervention on the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACE) in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes, and to identify patient characteristics associated with individual treatment effect. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsIn 4,901 participants from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial, a penalized Cox regression model to predict treatment effect of intensive lifestyle intervention for the risk of MACE was derived, including all possible treatment-by-covariate interaction terms. The ability of the model to predict HTE was confirmed by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and absolute risk change in quartiles of predicted treatment effect, and baseline patient characteristics were compared between quartiles.
resultsIn quartile 1 of predicted treatment effect, with the highest predicted risk reduction, there was a significant treatment benefit of intensive lifestyle intervention (HR 0.64 [95% CI 0.49-0.83]), whereas there was no effect from treatment in quartiles 2 and 3 (HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.58-1.14] and 1.13 [95% CI 0.80-1.60], respectively) and a detrimental effect in quartile 4 (HR 1.37 [95% CI 1.09-1.73]). Several patient characteristics in demographics, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory values were associated with the level of treatment effect.
conclusionsThis post hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD trial showed that an intensive lifestyle intervention aimed at weight loss may reduce cardiovascular events in selected patients but may have a detrimental treatment effect in others.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.