Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31438770›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2019

Sex Differences in Long-Term Survival After Major Cardiac Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Amy Johnston, Thierry G Mesana, Douglas S Lee, Anan Bader Eddeen, Louise Y Sun

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery: Gender Insights From an Ultra-Fast-Track Protocol.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026
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9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Amy JohnstonCardiovascular Research Methods Centre University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Thierry G MesanaDivision of Cardiac Surgery University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Douglas S LeeInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Ontario Canada.
Anan Bader EddeenInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Ontario Canada.
Louise Y SunInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Ontario Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background Little attention has been paid to the importance of sex in the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Ontario residents, aged ≥40 years, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve surgery between October 1, 2008, and December 31, 2016. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The mortality rate in each surgical group was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The risk of death was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Sex-specific mortality risk factors were identified using multiplicative interaction terms. A total of 72 824 patients were included in the study (25% women). The median follow-up period was 5 (interquartile range, 3-7) years. The long-term age-standardized mortality rate was lowest in patients who underwent isolated CABG and highest among those who underwent combined CABG/multiple valve surgery. Women had significantly higher age-standardized mortality rate than men after CABG and combined CABG/mitral valve surgery. Men had lower rates of long-term mortality than women after isolated mitral valve repair, whereas women had lower rates of long-term mortality than men after isolated mitral valve replacement. We observed a statistically significant association between female sex and long-term mortality after adjustment for key risk factors. Conclusions Female sex was associated with long-term mortality after cardiac surgery. Perioperative optimization and long-term follow-up should be tailored to younger women with a history of myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention and older men with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overCardiac Valve AnnuloplastyCause of DeathCoronary Artery BypassFemaleHeart Valve Prosthesis ImplantationHumansMaleMiddle AgedOntarioRegistriesRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk Factorscardiac surgerycoronary revascularizationmortalitysex differencesvalve repairvalve replacement

Identifiers

PMID31438770
PMCPMC6755832

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.