Trial reportScience advances2019
Cytokine release and gastrointestinal symptoms after gluten challenge in celiac disease.
Trial report in Science advances, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease
Changes in Serum IL-2 Levels Following a Single Oral Dose of Gluten
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic TG2 inhibition reverses systemic multiomic dysregulation in celiac disease.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Evaluating Responses to Gluten Challenge: A Randomized, Double-Blind, 2-Dose Gluten Challenge Trial.Gastroenterology · 2021Trial
- A Sensitive Whole Blood Assay Detects Antigen-Stimulated Cytokine Release From CD4+ T Cells and Facilitates Immunomonitoring in a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Nexvax2 in Coeliac Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Serum cytokines elevated during gluten-mediated cytokine release in coeliac disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Review Article: Accelerating Coeliac Disease Clinical Trials-Beyond Celiac Meeting With Industry, Academics, Patients and the FDA.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Pyrexia as the primary paradox: celiac disease masked as fever of unknown origin.Oxford medical case reports · 2026Article
- Functional immune profiling reveals CD4Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Beyond gluten-free diet: Novel therapeutic frontiers in celiac disease armamentarium.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Upcoming Treatments in Celiac Disease: From Luminal Enzymes to Oral Immune Tolerance.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Review
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Celiac Disease: The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium.Lifestyle genomics · 2026Review
- A novel clustering of down syndrome and coeliac disease complicated by enteritis and small intestinal strictures: a case series.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026Article
- From gluten to therapeutics: molecular mechanisms of celiac disease and emerging alternatives to the gluten-free diet.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The hidden link between iron deficiency and celiac disease: a clinical perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A laboratory test to detect gliadin-specific CD4Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Living Gluten-Free in Romania: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Adherence in Clinically Diagnosed and Self-Reported Cases.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Research Communication: Prevalence of Acute Reactions After Gluten Ingestion in Patients With Coeliac Disease-A Retrospective Study.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Immune-epithelial-stromal networks define the cellular ecosystem of the small intestine in celiac disease.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Overview of Cytokine Interplay in Vitiligo: A Decade of Meta-Analyses Systematically Reviewed.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review Article: Novel Enzyme Therapy Design for Gluten Peptide Digestion Through Exopeptidase Supplementation.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD), caused by immune reactions to cereal gluten, is treated with gluten -elimination diets. Within hours of gluten exposure, either perorally or extraorally by intradermal injection, treated patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms. To test whether gluten exposure leads to systemic cytokine production time -related to symptoms, series of multiplex cytokine measurements were obtained in CeD patients after gluten challenge. Peptide injection elevated at least 15 plasma cytokines, with IL-2, IL-8, and IL-10 being most prominent (fold-change increase at 4 hours of 272, 11, and 1.2, respectively). IL-2 and IL-8 were the only cytokines elevated at 2 hours, preceding onset of symptoms. After gluten ingestion, IL-2 was the earliest and most prominent cytokine (15-fold change at 4 hours). Supported by studies of patient-derived gluten-specific T cell clones and primary lymphocytes, our observations indicate that gluten-specific CD4
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.